Eudicots
An eudicots, Eudicotidae o eudicotyledons ang clade kan mga tanom na nagbuburak dating inaapod na tricolpates o non-magnoliid dicots ka ibang mga parasurat. An botanikal na termino ipinabisto kan 1991 kan ebolusyonaryong botanista na si James A. Doyle asin paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton para tawan doon an huring ebolusyonaryong pagkakaiba kan tricolpate dicots sa mga enot, dai pa espesyalisadong mga dicots.[1] An haraning relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains enot na nahiling sa morphological studies kan ibang karakter. An mga tanom na ini igwang distinktibong katangian sa saindang pollen grains, nagpapahiling nin tolong colpi o grooves paralleling sa polar axis[2].
| Eudicots | |
|---|---|
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| An Primula hortensis sarong eudicot | |
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon 
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| Kahadean: | Plantae |
| Klado: | Angiosperms |
| Klado: | Eudicots |
| Clades (APG IV) | |
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Dai naghaloy, an mga molecular na ebidensiya kinonpirma an genetic basis para sa mga ebolusyonaryong relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains asin dicotyledonous traits. An termino nangangahulugan na "true dicotyledons", ta ini igwa nin mayoridad kan tanom na kinonsiderar na dicots asin igwang katangian kan mga dicots. An terminong "eudicots" sunod nang ginamit sa botany para magtukoy kan saro sa duwang pinakadulang clades kan angiosperm (nagbubuo kan halos 70% kan mga angiosperm species), monocots ang saro pa. An mga natatadang angiosperms kaayon an magnoliids o ang minsan na inaapod na basal angiosperms o paleodicots, pero ining mga termino na ini dai pa ginagamit, ta mayo ini nin monophyletic na grupo.
Subdibisyon
baguhonAn eudicots pwedeng bangaon sa duwang grupo: an mga basal eudicots asin an mga core eudicots.[3] Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group.[4] A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae, comprising all the remaining core eudicots.[5]
An Pentapetalae pwedeng pagsuruwayon sa tolong clades:
- Dilleniales
- superrosids binubo kan Saxifragales asin rosids (the APG IV system includes the Vitales in the rosids)
- superasterids binubuo kan Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales asin asterids
An dibisyon kan eudicots pinapahiling sa masunod na cladogram:[6]
| eudicots |
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An minasunod mas detalyadong pagsusog base sa APG IV, pinapahiling sa kada clade asin order.[7]
- clade Eudicots
- order Ranunculales
- order Proteales
- order Trochodendrales
- order Buxales
- clade Core eudicots
- order Gunnerales
- order Dilleniales
- clade Superrosids
- order Saxifragales
- clade Rosids
- order Vitales
- clade Fabids
- order Fabales
- order Rosales
- order Fagales
- order Cucurbitales
- order Oxalidales
- order Malpighiales
- order Celastrales
- order Zygophyllales
- clade Malvids
- order Geraniales
- order Myrtales
- order Crossosomatales
- order Picramniales
- order Malvales
- order Brassicales
- order Huerteales
- order Sapindales
- clade Superasterids
- order Berberidopsidales
- order Santalales
- order Caryophyllales
- clade Asterids
- order Cornales
- order Ericales
- clade Campanulids
- order Aquifoliales
- order Asterales
- order Escalloniales
- order Bruniales
- order Apiales
- order Dipsacales
- order Paracryphiales
- clade Lamiids
- order Solanales
- order Lamiales
- order Vahliales
- order Gentianales
- order Boraginales
- order Garryales
- order Metteniusales
- order Icacinales
Toltolan
baguhon- ↑ Endress, Peter K. (2002). "Morphology and Angiosperm Systematics in the Molecular Era". Botanical Review. Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison 68 (4): 545–570. doi:. http://doc.rero.ch/record/313995/files/12229_2008_Article_684545.pdf.
- ↑ Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason (2019-01-25). "How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?" (in en). New Phytologist. doi:. PMID 30681148.
- ↑ Worberg, A; Quandt, D; Barniske, A-M; Löhne, C; Hilu, KW; Borsch, T (2007). "Phylogeny of basal eudicots: insights from non-coding and rapidly evolving DNA". Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 7 (1): 55–77. doi:.
- ↑ Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005). Phylogeny and Evolution of Angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 9780878938179.
- ↑ Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Burleigh, J. Gordon; Soltis, Douglas E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (10): 4623–8. doi:. PMID 20176954. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..107.4623M.
- ↑ Based on:
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2014). "Trees". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
Stevens, P.F. (2001–2016). "Eudicots". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17. - ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:.
Bibliograpiya
baguhon- Doyle, J.A.; Hotton, C.L. (1991). "Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context". In Blackmore, S.; Barnes, S.H. Pollen and Spores. Patterns of Diversification. Systematics Association Publications. 44. Clarendon Press. pp. 169–195. ISBN 9780198577461.
- Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1627–44. doi:. PMID 21652313. Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20090808231456/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1627. Retrieved on 2019-09-09.
- Eudicots in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, May 2006.
Mga panluwas na takod
baguhon- Eudicots Archived 2013-06-24 at the Wayback Machine., Tree of Life Web Project
- Dicots Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Life Forms
