Carl Friedrich Gauss

Si Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ɡaʊs/; Aleman: Gauß [kaʁl ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈɡaʊs] ( dangogon); ; Abril 30, 1777- Pebrero 23, 1855) sarong matematikong Aleman asin pisiko na nagtaong importanteng kontribusyon sa matematika asin siyensya. Midbid na Princeps mathematicorum (Latin for "the foremost of mathematicians") asin "the greatest mathematician since antiquity". Si Gauss igwang matibay na impluwensiya sa Matematika asin Siyensya, asin kabali sa pinaka-impluwensiyal na mga matematiko sa kasaysayan.

Imahen ni Gauss, gibo ni Christian Albrecht Jensen (1840)
Kamundagan	Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-04-30)30 Abril 1777 Brunswick, Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Kagadanan	23 Pebrero 1855(1855-02-23) (edad 77) Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover, German Confederation
Nasyunalidad	German
Alma mater	Collegium Carolinum, University of Göttingen, University of Helmstedt
Midbid bilang	See full list
Agom	Johanna Osthoff (1805–1809) Minna Waldeck (1810–1831)
Mga aki	Joseph Wilhelmina Louis Eugene Wilhelm Therese
Mga gawad	Lalande Prize (1809) Copley Medal (1838)
Karera sa siyensya
Lado	Mathematics and sciences
Institusyon	University of Göttingen
Thesis	Demonstratio nova... (1799)
Doctoral advisor	Johann Friedrich Pfaff
Academic advisors	Johann Christian Martin Bartels
Doctoral student	Johann Listing Christian Ludwig Gerling Richard Dedekind Bernhard Riemann Christian Peters Moritz Cantor
Bantog na estudyante	Johann Encke Christoph Gudermann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet Gotthold Eisenstein Carl Wolfgang Benjamin Goldschmidt Gustav Kirchhoff Ernst Kummer August Ferdinand Möbius L. C. Schnürlein Julius Weisbach Sophie Germain (correspondent as Monsieur Le Blanc)
Naimpluwensiyahan	Ferdinand Minding
Lagda

Mga sinurat

• 1799: Doctoral dissertation on the fundamental theorem of algebra, with the title: Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse ("New proof of the theorem that every integral algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors (i.e., polynomials) of the first or second degree")
• 1801: Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Latin). A German translation by H. Maser Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3. , pp. 1–453. English translation by Arthur A. Clarke Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Second, corrected ed.). New York: Springer. 1986. ISBN 978-0-387-96254-2. .
• 1808: Theorematis arithmetici demonstratio nova. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 16. . German translation by H. Maser Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3. , pp. 457–462 [Introduces Gauss's lemma, uses it in the third proof of quadratic reciprocity]
• 1809: Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium (Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskörper, die die Sonne in Kegelschnitten umkreisen), Theory of the Motion of Heavenly Bodies Moving about the Sun in Conic Sections (English translation by C.H. Davis), reprinted 1963, Dover, New York.
• 1811: Summatio serierun quarundam singularium. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. . German translation by H. Maser Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3. , pp. 463–495 [Determination of the sign of the quadratic Gauss sum, uses this to give the fourth proof of quadratic reciprocity]
• 1812: Disquisitiones Generales Circa Seriem Infinitam $1+{\frac {\alpha \beta }{\gamma .1}}+{\mbox{etc.}}$
• 1818: Theorematis fundamentalis in doctrina de residuis quadraticis demonstrationes et amplicationes novae. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. . German translation by H. Maser Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3. , pp. 496–510 [Fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity]
• 1821, 1823 and 1826: Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae. Drei Abhandlungen betreffend die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung als Grundlage des Gauß'schen Fehlerfortpflanzungsgesetzes. (Three essays concerning the calculation of probabilities as the basis of the Gaussian law of error propagation) English translation by G.W. Stewart, 1987, Society for Industrial Mathematics.
• 1827: Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas, Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingesis Recentiores. Volume VI, pp. 99–146. "General Investigations of Curved Surfaces" (published 1965), Raven Press, New York, translated by J. C. Morehead and A. M. Hiltebeitel.
• 1828: Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio prima. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 6. . German translation by H. Maser
• 1828: Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. pp. 511–533. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3.  [Elementary facts about biquadratic residues, proves one of the supplements of the law of biquadratic reciprocity (the biquadratic character of 2)]
• 1832: Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio secunda. Göttingen: Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis. 7. . German translation by H. Maser Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second ed.). New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN 978-0-8284-0191-3. , pp. 534–586 [Introduces the Gaussian integers, states (without proof) the law of biquadratic reciprocity, proves the supplementary law for 1 + i]
• "Intensitas vis magneticae terrestris ad mensuram absolutam revocata". Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis Recentiores 8: 3–44. 1832.  English translation
• 1843/44: Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Erste Abhandlung, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Zweiter Band, pp. 3–46
• 1846/47: Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Zweite Abhandlung, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Dritter Band, pp. 3–44
• Mathematisches Tagebuch 1796–1814, Ostwaldts Klassiker, Verlag Harri Deutsch 2005, mit Anmerkungen von Neumamn, ISBN 978-3-8171-3402-1 (English translation with annotations by Jeremy Gray: Expositiones Math. 1984)

Hilingon man

• Gaussian elimination
• German inventors and discoverers
• List of things named after Carl Friedrich Gauss
• Romanticism in science
• Seconds pendulum
• Gauss (unit)

Mga toltolan

Ginikanan

• Dunnington, G. Waldo (2004). Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science. The Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 978-0-88385-547-8. OCLC 53933110. 
• Nahin, Paul J. (2010). An Imaginary Tale: The Story of √-1. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3389-4. 

Magbasa pa lalo

• Bühler, Walter Kaufmann (1987). Gauss: A Biographical Study. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-10662-5. 
• Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1965). Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. tr. Arthur A. Clarke. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-09473-2. 
• Hall, Tord (1970). Carl Friedrich Gauss: A Biography. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-08040-8. OCLC 185662235. 
• Kehlmann, Daniel (2005). Die Vermessung der Welt. Rowohlt. ISBN 978-3-498-03528-0. OCLC 144590801. 
• Sartorius von Waltershausen, Wolfgang (1856). Gauss: A Memorial. S. Hirzel. 
• Simmons, J. (1996). The Giant Book of Scientists: The 100 Greatest Minds of All Time. Sydney: The Book Company. 
• Tent, Margaret (2006). The Prince of Mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss. A.K. Peters. ISBN 978-1-56881-455-1. 
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gauss, Karl Friedrich". Encyclopædia Britannica (in English) (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

Panluwas na takod

• Carl Friedrich Gauss Werke – 12 vols., published from 1863–1933
• Gauss and his children
• Gauss biography
• Carl Friedrich Gauss – Biography at Fermat's Last Theorem Blog
• Gauss: mathematician of the millennium, by Jürgen Schmidhuber
• English translation of Waltershausen's 1862 biography
• Gauss general website on Gauss
• MNRAS 16 (1856) 80 Obituary
• Carl Friedrich Gauss on the 10 Deutsche Mark banknote Archived 2011-12-13 at the Wayback Machine.
• "Carl Friedrich Gauss" in the series A Brief History of Mathematics on BBC 4
• Grimes, James. "5050 And a Gauss Trick". Numberphile. Brady Haran. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. 
• Carl Friedrich Gauß at the Göttingen University