Dagat Itom

An Dagat Itom iyo an marginal mediterranean sea na namomogtak sa pag-ultanan kan Europa asin Asya, subangan kan Balkans, habagatan kan East European Plain, solnopan kan Caucasus, asin amihanan kan Anatolia. Napapalibotan iyan kan Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia asin Georgia. An Dagat Itom iyo an supplied by mayor na salog, sa pangenot kan Danubio, Dnieper asin Don. Bilang konsekwensya, mantang an anom na nasyon igwa nin baybayon sa dagat, an saiyang drainage basin kabali an parte kan 24 na nasyon sa Europe.^[1]

The estuary of the Veleka in the Black Sea. Longshore drift has deposited sediment along the shoreline which has led to the formation of a spit. Sinemorets, Bulgaria

An Black Sea nasasakopan an 436,400 km² (168,500 sq mi) (not including the Sea of Azov),^[2] has a maximum depth of 2,212 m (7,257 ft),^[3] and a volume of 547,000 km³ (131,000 cu mi).^[4] Kadaklan kan saiyang baybayon naglalangkaw nin marikas. An pinakahalabang east–west extent iyo an haros 1,175 km (730 mi).^[5] An mga importanteng syudad sa baybayon (hiro-relo poon sa Bosporus) Burgas, Varna, Constanța, Odesa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Batumi, Trabzon asin Samsun.

An Black Sea igwa nin positibong water balance, na igwa nin taonan na net outflow na 300 km³ (72 cu mi) kada taon sa paagi kan Bosporus asin kan Dardanelles pasiring sa Dagat Egeo.^[6]

Toltolan

↑ ""Black Sea Geography, Oceanography, Ecology, History"". Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Living Black Sea
↑ Surface area—"Black Sea Geography". University of Delaware College of Marine Studies. 2003. Retrieved April 3, 2014.
↑ Maximum depth—"Europa – Gateway of the European Union website". Environment and Enlargement – The Black Sea: Facts and Figures. Archived from the original on November 14, 2008.
↑ Murray, J. W.; Jannasch, H. W.; Honjo, S; Anderson, R. F.; Reeburgh, W. S.; Top, Z.; Friederich, G. E.; Codispoti, L. A.; et al. (March 30, 1989). "Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea". Nature 338 (6214): 411–413. doi:10.1038/338411a0. Bibcode: 1989Natur.338..411M. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xg3p017.
↑ World and Its Peoples . Marshall Cavendish. July 21, 2010. p. 1444. ISBN 978-0-7614-7902-4 – via Internet Archive. Black Sea 1175 km east west.
↑ Miladinova, S.; Stips, A.; Garcia‐Gorriz, E.; Macias Moy, D. (July 2017). "Black Sea thermohaline properties: Long‐term trends and variations". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (7): 5624–5644. doi:10.1002/2016JC012644. ISSN 2169-9275. PMID 28989833. Bibcode: 2017JGRC..122.5624M.

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[1] ""Black Sea Geography, Oceanography, Ecology, History"". Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Living Black Sea

[2] Surface area—"Black Sea Geography". University of Delaware College of Marine Studies. 2003. Retrieved April 3, 2014.

[3] Maximum depth—"Europa – Gateway of the European Union website". Environment and Enlargement – The Black Sea: Facts and Figures. Archived from the original on November 14, 2008.

[4] Murray, J. W.; Jannasch, H. W.; Honjo, S; Anderson, R. F.; Reeburgh, W. S.; Top, Z.; Friederich, G. E.; Codispoti, L. A.; et al. (March 30, 1989). "Unexpected changes in the oxic/anoxic interface in the Black Sea". Nature 338 (6214): 411–413. doi:10.1038/338411a0. Bibcode: 1989Natur.338..411M. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7xg3p017.

[5] World and Its Peoples . Marshall Cavendish. July 21, 2010. p. 1444. ISBN 978-0-7614-7902-4 – via Internet Archive. Black Sea 1175 km east west.

[6] Miladinova, S.; Stips, A.; Garcia‐Gorriz, E.; Macias Moy, D. (July 2017). "Black Sea thermohaline properties: Long‐term trends and variations". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122 (7): 5624–5644. doi:10.1002/2016JC012644. ISSN 2169-9275. PMID 28989833. Bibcode: 2017JGRC..122.5624M.

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