Ptolemy
(Nakatukdo hali sa Claudius Ptolemy)
Si Claudius Ptolemy (/ˈtɒləmi/; Lua error in Module:Lang at line 903: attempt to index local 'language_name' (a nil value)., Klaúdios Ptolemaîos, [ˈklaw.di.os pto.lɛˈmɛ.os]; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. 100 – c. 170 AD)[2] sarong matematiko, astronomo, natural na pilosopo, geograpo asin astrologo na nagsurat nin mga siyentipikong treatise, tolo sa mga ini an nagin importante sa Byzantine, Islamic asin Western European na siyensya.
| Ptolemy | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kamundagan | c. 100 AD[2] Ehipto, Romanong Emperyo |
| Kagadanan | c. 170 (aged 69–70) AD[2] Alexandria, Ehipto, Romanong Emperyo |
| Trabaho | |
Nag-istar si Ptolemy sa siyudad nin Alexandria sa Roman probinsya nin Ehipto usa irarom kan Roman Empire,[3] na igwang ngaran na Latin (na sinasabi kan mga mananalaysay na siya sarong Romano),[4] nagbanggit nin mga griyegong pilosopo, naggamit asin nag-obserbar nin Babylonian lunar theory. An ika-14 na siglo na astronomo na si Theodore Meliteniotes tinawan an saiyang lugar na kinamundagan na syudad nin griyego Ptolemais Hermiou (Πτολεμαΐς ‘Ερμείου) sa Thebaid (Θηβᾱΐς). Mayong ebidensya sa pahayag na ini.[5] Nagadan siya sa Alexandria kan 168.[6]
Hilingon man
baguhon- Equant
- Messier 7 – Ptolemy Cluster, star cluster described by Ptolemaeus
- Pei Xiu
- Ptolemy's Canon – a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers.
- Ptolemy's table of chords
- Zhang Heng
Talababa
baguhon- ↑ Since no contemporary depictions or descriptions of Ptolemy are known to have existed, later artists' impressions are unlikely to have reproduced his appearance accurately.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ptolemy sa Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ Heath, Sir Thomas (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. vii, 273.
- ↑ Neugebauer, Otto E. (2004). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 834. ISBN 978-3-540-06995-9.; "Ptolemy | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com.
- ↑ (Neugebauer 1975, p. 834); G. J. Toomer, "Ptolemy (or Claudius Ptolemaeus)". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 2008. Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com. 21 January 2013. Concerning the possibility that Ptolemy might have been born in Ptolemais Hermiou, Toomer writes:
[T]he only place mentioned in any of Ptolemy's observations is Alexandria, and there is no reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else. The statement by Theodore Meliteniotes that he was born in Ptolemais Hermiou (in Upper Egypt) could be correct, but it is late (ca. 1360) and unsupported.
- ↑ Jean Claude Pecker (2001), Understanding the Heavens: Thirty Centuries of Astronomical Ideas from Ancient Thinking to Modern Cosmology, p. 311, Springer, ISBN 3-540-63198-4.
Toltolan
baguhon
- Bagrow, L. (1 January 1945). "The Origin of Ptolemy's Geographia". Geografiska Annaler (Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 27) 27: 318–387. doi:. ISSN 1651-3215.
- Berggren, J. Lennart, and Alexander Jones. 2000. Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01042-0.
- Campbell, T. (1987). The Earliest Printed Maps. British Museum Press.
- Hübner, Wolfgang, ed. 1998. Claudius Ptolemaeus, Opera quae exstant omnia Vol III/Fasc 1: ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΙΚΑ (= Tetrabiblos). De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-598-71746-8 (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana). (The most recent edition of the Greek text of Ptolemy's astrological work, based on earlier editions by F. Boll and E. Boer.)
- Lejeune, A. (1989) L'Optique de Claude Ptolémée dans la version latine d'après l'arabe de l'émir Eugène de Sicile. [Latin text with French translation]. Collection de travaux de l'Académie International d'Histoire des Sciences, No. 31. Leiden: E.J.Brill.
- Neugebauer, Otto (1975). A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy. I-III. Berlin and New York: Springer Verlag.
- Nobbe, C. F. A., ed. 1843. Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia. 3 vols. Leipzig: Carolus Tauchnitus. (Until Stückelberger (2006), this was the most recent edition of the complete Greek text.)
- Peerlings, R.H.J., Laurentius F., van den Bovenkamp J.,(2017) The watermarks in the Rome editions of Ptolemy's Cosmography and more, In Quaerendo 47: 307-327, 2017.
- Peerlings, R.H.J., Laurentius F., van den Bovenkamp J.,(2018) New findings and discoveries in the 1507/8 Rome edition of Ptolemy’s Cosmography, In Quaerendo 48: 139-162, 2018.
- Ptolemy. 1930. Die Harmonielehre des Klaudios Ptolemaios, edited by Ingemar Düring. Göteborgs högskolas årsskrift 36, 1930:1. Göteborg: Elanders boktr. aktiebolag. Reprint, New York: Garland Publishing, 1980.
- Ptolemy. 2000. Harmonics, translated and commentary by Jon Solomon. Mnemosyne, Bibliotheca Classica Batava, Supplementum, 0169-8958, 203. Leiden and Boston: Brill Publishers. ISBN 90-04-11591-9
- Plantilya:Wikicite.
- Sidoli, Nathan; J. L. Berggren (2007). "The Arabic version of Ptolemy's Planisphere or Flattening the Surface of the Sphere: Text, Translation, Commentary". Sciamvs. 37 8 (139). http://individual.utoronto.ca/acephalous/Sidoli_Berggren_2007.pdf.
- Smith, A.M. (1996) Ptolemy's theory of visual perception: An English translation of the Optics with introduction and commentary. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 86, Part 2. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
- Solin, Heikke (2012), "names, personal, Roman.", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, retrieved 8 June 2019[permanent dead link].
- Stevenson, Edward Luther (trans. and ed.). 1932. Claudius Ptolemy: The Geography. New York: New York Public Library. Reprint, New York: Dover, 1991. (This is the only complete English translation of Ptolemy's most famous work. Unfortunately, it is marred by numerous mistakes and the placenames are given in Latinised forms, rather than in the original Greek).
- Stückelberger, Alfred, and Gerd Graßhoff (eds). 2006. Ptolemaios, Handbuch der Geographie, Griechisch-Deutsch. 2 vols. Basel: Schwabe Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7965-2148-5. (Massive 1018 pp. scholarly edition by a team of a dozen scholars that takes account of all known manuscripts, with facing Greek and German text, footnotes on manuscript variations, color maps, and a CD with the geographical data)
- Taub, Liba Chia (1993). Ptolemy's Universe: The Natural Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Ptolemy's Astronomy
. Chicago: Open Court Press. ISBN 0-8126-9229-2. - Ptolemy's Almagest, Translated and annotated by G. J. Toomer. Princeton University Press, 1998
- Sir Thomas Heath, A History of Greek Mathematics, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1921.
Mga panluwas na takod
baguhon| An Wikimedia Commons igwa nin medya dapit sa Ptolemy. |
| An Wikiquote igwa nin mga pagsambit na relatibo sa: Ptolemy |
- Ptolemy's Tetrabiblos at LacusCurtius (Transcription of the Loeb Classical Library's English translation)
- Entire Tetrabiblos of J.M. Ashmand's 1822 translation.
- Ptolemy's Geography at LacusCurtius (English translation, incomplete)
- Extracts of Ptolemy on the country of the Seres (China) (English translation)
- Almagest books 1–13 The complete text of Heiberg's edition (PDF) Greek.
- Almagest books 1–6 Lua error in Module:In_lang at line 41: attempt to call local 'name_from_tag' (a nil value). with preface Lua error in Module:In_lang at line 41: attempt to call local 'name_from_tag' (a nil value). at archive.org
- Geography, digitized codex made in Italy between 1460 and 1477, translated to Latin by Jacobus Angelus at Somni. Also known as codex valentinus, it is the oldest manuscript of the codices with maps of Ptolemy with the donis projections.
- Hieronymi Cardani ... In Cl. Ptolemaei ... IIII De astrorum judiciis From the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress
- Almagestū Cl. Ptolemei From the Rare Book and Special Collection Division at the Library of Congress
- Franz Boll (1894), "Studien über Claudius Ptolemaeus. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie und Astrologie" In: Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie und Pädagogik, Supplementband 21,2. Teubner, Leipzig, pp. 49–244.
- Arnett, Bill (2008). "Ptolemy, the Man". obs.nineplanets.org. Archived from the original on 29 May 2005. Retrieved 24 November 2008. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - Danzer, Gerald (1988). "Cartographic Images of the World on the Eve of the Discoveries". The Newberry Library. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
- Haselein, Frank (2007). "Κλαυδιου Πτολεμιου: Γεωγραφικῆς Ύφηγήσεως (Geographie)" (in German and English). Frank Haselein. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2008. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - Houlding, Deborah (2003). "The Life & Work of Ptolemy". Skyscript.co. Retrieved 24 November 2008.
- Plantilya:Wikicite
- Toomer, Gerald J. (1970). "Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolemæus)" (PDF). In Gillispie, Charles. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 11. New York: Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies. pp. 186–206. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
- Sprague, Ben (2001–2007). "Claudius Ptolemaeus (Ptolemy): Representation, Understanding, and Mathematical Labeling of the Spherical Earth". Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
- Java simulation of the Ptolemaic System – at Paul Stoddard's Animated Virtual Planetarium, Northern Illinois University
- Animation of Ptolemy's Two Solar Hypotheses sa YouTube
- Epicycle and Deferent Demo – at Rosemary Kennett's website at the University of Syracuse
- Flash animation of Ptolemy's universe. (best in Internet Explorer)
- Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries. High resolution images of works by Ptolemy in .jpg and .tiff format.
- Codex Vaticanus graecus 1291 (Vat.gr.1291) in Vatican Digital Library - Complete reproduction of the 9th century manuscript of Ptolemy's Handy Tables.
