Biyolohiya

An biyolohiya (Ingles: biology) iyo an natural na siyensya na minaadal sa buhay asin mga nabubuhay na organismo, kabali an saindang pisikal na istraktura, prosesong kimikal, molekular na interaksyon, pisiyolohikal na mekanismo, pagkahaman, sagkod ebolusyon.^[1] Dawa sa kompleksidad kan siyensyang ini, may mga nagkapirang konsepto an nagpapasaro sa ladong ini. An biyolohiya iyo pigbibisto an selula bilang an basehang yunit kan buhay, an gene bilang basehang yunit kan pagmana, asin an ebolusyon bilang an makina na nagpadalagan sa pagkamokna asin pagkawara nin mga espesye. An mga nabubuhay na organismo iyo bukas na sistema na nakaligtas sa pagliwat sa enerhiya asin pagbawas sa saindang lokal na entropiya^[2] para i-mantido an marhay asin importanteng kondisyon na inaapod na "homeostasis".^[3]

An biyolohiya iyo minaadal nin buhay asin mga organismo.

ibabaw: E. coli na bakterya asin gazelle
irarom: Goliath na amamanggi asin tree fern

An mga sub-disiplina kan biyolohiya iyo pigtatawan kahulogan sa paagi nin mga pag-aadal asin klase kan sistemang pig-aadalan: an teoretikal na biyolohiya iyo minagamit nin matematikong paagi sa pagpormula nin mga kwantitatibong modelo mientras an eksperimental na biyolohiya iyo nag-aakto nin mga empirikal na eksperimento para mahiling an balidad kan mga teorya sagkod maintindihan an mga mekanismo kan buhay asin kun pano ini nagluwas asin naliwat gikan sa mga dae-nabubuhay na materya harus apat na bilyong taon na an nakaagi sa paagi nin gradwal na paglangkaw sa kompleksidad kan sistema.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Panluwas na takod

Biyolohiya sa Curlie
OSU's Phylocode Archived 2013-12-12 at the Wayback Machine.
Biology Online – Wiki Dictionary
MIT video lecture series on biology
The Tree of Life

Toltolan

↑ Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. Archived from the original on 2004-06-08.
↑ Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell". Bio Systems 111 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMID 23159919.
↑ Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education 39 (4): 259–66. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 26628646.
↑ Craig, Nancy (2014). Molecular Biology, Principles of Genome Function. ISBN 978-0-19-965857-2.
↑ Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas; Desprat, Nicolas; Sinha, Deepak Kumar; Allemand, Jean-François; Vincent Croquette; Bensimon, David (2008). "Some nonlinear challenges in biology" (in en). Nonlinearity 21 (8): T131. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03. ISSN 0951-7715. Bibcode: 2008Nonli..21..131M.
↑ Howell, Elizabeth (8 December 2014). "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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[aquarenagloss-1] Based on definition from: "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms". Texas State University at San Marcos. Archived from the original on 2004-06-08.

[2] Davies, PC; Rieper, E; Tuszynski, JA (January 2013). "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell". Bio Systems 111 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2012.10.005. PMID 23159919.

[3] Modell, Harold; Cliff, William; Michael, Joel; McFarland, Jenny; Wenderoth, Mary Pat; Wright, Ann (December 2015). "A physiologist's view of homeostasis". Advances in Physiology Education 39 (4): 259–66. doi:10.1152/advan.00107.2015. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 26628646.

[4] Craig, Nancy (2014). Molecular Biology, Principles of Genome Function. ISBN 978-0-19-965857-2.

[5] Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas; Desprat, Nicolas; Sinha, Deepak Kumar; Allemand, Jean-François; Vincent Croquette; Bensimon, David (2008). "Some nonlinear challenges in biology" (in en). Nonlinearity 21 (8): T131. doi:10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03. ISSN 0951-7715. Bibcode: 2008Nonli..21..131M.

[AB-20141208-6] Howell, Elizabeth (8 December 2014). "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?". Astrobiology Magazine. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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