Yama

Si Yama (Devanagari: यम o Yamarāja (यमराज), sarong dios nin kagadanan, dharma, an giya sa habagatan, asin an kinaban sa irarom kan daga na pangenot na kabtang nin relihiyon na Hindu asin Budhista, kabilang sa enot na stratum nin mga dios kan Rigvedic Hindu.^[1] Sa Sanskrito, an pangaran niya mainterpretar na boot sabihon "kambal."^[2] Importante man siyang dios na sinasamba kan mga taga Kalasha asin dati kan mga banwaan nin Nuristani, na nagpaparisa kan saiyang pagkaprominente sa suanoy na Hinduismo.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Sa Hinduismo, si Yama aki nin dios kan saldang na si Surya asin Sanjana, aki ni Vishvakarma.^[7] Si Yama tugang ni Sraddhadeva Manu asin kan saiyang matuang tugang na si Yami, na ipinarisa ni Horace Hayman Wilson na nangangahulogan kan Yamuna.^[8] Segun sa mga Veda, sinasabi na si Yama an enot na mortal na nagadan. Nin huli ta mas amay pa, siya na an nagin tagapamahala kan naghali, asin inapod na "Kagurangnan kan mga Pitrs".^[9]^[10]

Naunambitan sa Pāli Canon kan Theravada Budhismo, si Yama sunod na naglaog sa mitolohiyang Budhista sa Sirangan na Asya, Sur-subangan na Asya asin Sri Lanka bilang sarong Dharmapala sa irarom nin manlaenlaen na transliterasyon. Kun minsan siya inaapod man na "Dharmaraja."

Toltolan

↑ Ancient History Encyclopedia. Yama.
↑ Puhvel, Jaan (1989). Comparative Mythology. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 285–286. ISBN 978-0801839382.
↑ Barrington, Nicholas; Kendrick, Joseph T.; Schlagintweit, Reinhard (2006). A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland (in English). I.B. Tauris. p. 111. ISBN 978-1845111755. Prominent sites include Hadda, near Jalalabad, but Buddhism never seems to have penetrated the remote valleys of Nuristan, where the people continued to practise an early form of polytheistic Hinduism.
↑ Weiss, Mitch; Maurer, Kevin (2012). No Way Out: A Story of Valor in the Mountains of Afghanistan (in English). Berkley Caliber. p. 299. ISBN 978-0425253403. Up until the late nineteenth century, many Nuristanis practised a primitive form of Hinduism. It was the last area in Afghanistan to convert to Islam—and the conversion was accomplished by the sword
↑ Michael Witzel Harvard University
↑ West, Barbara A. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania (in English). Infobase Publishing. p. 357. ISBN 978-1438119137. The Kalasha are a unique people living in just three valleys near Chitral, Pakistan, the capital of North-West Frontier Province, which borders Afghanistan. Unlike their neighbors in the Hindu Kush Mountains on both the Afghani and Pakistani sides of the border the Kalasha have not converted to Islam. During the mid-20th century a few Kalasha villages in Pakistan were forcibly converted to this dominant religion, but the people fought the conversion and once official pressure was removed the vast majority continued to practice their own religion. Their religion is a form of Hinduism that recognizes many gods and spirits and has been related to the religion of the ancient Greeks... given their Indo-Aryan language, ... the religion of the Kalasha is much more closely aligned to the Hinduism of their Indian neighbors that to the religion of Alexander the Great and his armies.
↑ Effectuation of Shani Adoration pp. 10–15.
↑ H.H. Wilson: The Vishnu Purana Volume 1, p. 384
↑ Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1995). Vedic Mythology. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 172. ISBN 978-8120811133.
↑ Shanti Lal Nagar: Harivamsa Purana Volume 1, p. 85

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[1] Ancient History Encyclopedia. Yama.

[2] Puhvel, Jaan (1989). Comparative Mythology. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 285–286. ISBN 978-0801839382.

[BarringtonKendrick2006-3] Barrington, Nicholas; Kendrick, Joseph T.; Schlagintweit, Reinhard (2006). A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland (in English). I.B. Tauris. p. 111. ISBN 978-1845111755. Prominent sites include Hadda, near Jalalabad, but Buddhism never seems to have penetrated the remote valleys of Nuristan, where the people continued to practise an early form of polytheistic Hinduism.

[WeissMaurer2012-4] Weiss, Mitch; Maurer, Kevin (2012). No Way Out: A Story of Valor in the Mountains of Afghanistan (in English). Berkley Caliber. p. 299. ISBN 978-0425253403. Up until the late nineteenth century, many Nuristanis practised a primitive form of Hinduism. It was the last area in Afghanistan to convert to Islam—and the conversion was accomplished by the sword

[5] Michael Witzel Harvard University

[West2010-6] West, Barbara A. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania (in English). Infobase Publishing. p. 357. ISBN 978-1438119137. The Kalasha are a unique people living in just three valleys near Chitral, Pakistan, the capital of North-West Frontier Province, which borders Afghanistan. Unlike their neighbors in the Hindu Kush Mountains on both the Afghani and Pakistani sides of the border the Kalasha have not converted to Islam. During the mid-20th century a few Kalasha villages in Pakistan were forcibly converted to this dominant religion, but the people fought the conversion and once official pressure was removed the vast majority continued to practice their own religion. Their religion is a form of Hinduism that recognizes many gods and spirits and has been related to the religion of the ancient Greeks... given their Indo-Aryan language, ... the religion of the Kalasha is much more closely aligned to the Hinduism of their Indian neighbors that to the religion of Alexander the Great and his armies.

[Effectuation_of_Shani_Adoration-7] Effectuation of Shani Adoration pp. 10–15.

[8] H.H. Wilson: The Vishnu Purana Volume 1, p. 384

[9] Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1995). Vedic Mythology. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 172. ISBN 978-8120811133.

[10] Shanti Lal Nagar: Harivamsa Purana Volume 1, p. 85

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