An Kolkata /koʊlˈkɑːtə/ ([kolkata] (Manungod sa tanogdangugon), midbid na Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, an opisyal na ngaran hantos 2001) an kapitolyo nin Indiyanong estado kan Sulnupang Bengal. Nasa subangang banko kan Salog Hooghly na pigtatantyang 75 kilometro (47 mi) sulnupan kan hangganan nin Bangladesh, ini an komersiyo, kultural, asin sentro nin edukasyon sa East India, mientras an Port of Kolkata an pinakalumang ng ooperar na puerto sa India asin salog. An siyudad nabibisto sa pagiging "cultural capital" sa India, asin igwang alyas na "City of Joy".[1][2][3] Base sa 2011 Indian census, ini an ikapitong pinakamatawong siyudad; igwa ini nin populasyon na 4.5 milyon, mientras an ibang siyudad uminabot 14.1 million kagabsan, ini nagin ikatolo sa pinakamatawong lugar sa India. Tigtatantya na an ekonomiya kan Kolkata uminabot sa $60 hanggang $150 billion (GDP) na nagin ika tolo sa pinakaproduktibong lugar , sunod sa Mumbai asin Delhi.[4][5][6]

Mga toltolan

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Mababasa pa lalo

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  • Chatterjee, Partha (2012). The Black Hole of Empire: History of a Global Practice of Power. Princeton University Press. p. 425. ISBN 978-0-691-15201-1. 
  • Chattopadhyay, Swati (2005). Representing Calcutta: Modernity, Nationalism, and the Colonial Uncanny. Psychology Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-415-34359-6. 
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  • Ray, Raka; Qayum, Seemin (2009). Cultures of Servitude: Modernity, Domesticity, and Class in India. Stanford University Press. p. 255. ISBN 9780804760713. 
  • Ghosh, Anindita (2016). Claiming the City: Protest, Crime, and Scandals in Colonial Calcutta, c. 1860-1920. Oxford University Press. p. 340. ISBN 978-0199464791. 
  • Sanyal, Shukla (2014). Revolutionary Pamphlets, Propaganda and Political Culture in Colonial Bengal. Cambridge University Press. p. 219. ISBN 9781107065468. 
  • Busteed, Henry Elmsley (1888). Echoes from Old Calcutta: Being Chiefly Reminiscences of the Days of Warren Hastings, Francis, and Impey. Asian Educational Services. p. 359. ISBN 9788120612952. 
  • Fruzzetti, Lina; Östör, Ákos (2003). Calcutta Conversations. Orient Blackswan. p. 242. ISBN 9788180280092. 
  • Richards, E. P. (2014). The Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas: The Richards Report. Routledge. p. 492. ISBN 9781317617006. 
  • Chatterjee, Arnab; Yarlagadda, Sudhakar (2007). Econophysics of Wealth Distributions: Econophys-Kolkata I. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 248. ISBN 9788847003897. 
  • Sarkar, Tanika (2015). Calcutta: The Stormy Decades. Social Science Press. p. 486. ISBN 978-9383166077. 
  • Choudhury, Ranabir Ray (2016). A City in the Making: Aspects of Calcutta's Early Growth. Niyogi Books. p. 564. ISBN 978-9385285288. 
  • Banerjee, Sumanta (2016). Memoirs of Roads: Calcutta from Colonial Urbanization to Global Modernization. Oxford University Press. p. 192. ISBN 978-0199468102. 
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  1. "India: Calcutta, the capital of culture-Telegraph". telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2016. 
  2. "Kolkata remains cultural capital of India: Amitabh Bachchan - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 25 November 2016. 
  3. "Foundation of Kolkata Museum of Modern Art laid". business-standard.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305054533/http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/foundation-of-kolkata-museum-of-modern-art-laid-113111400889_1.html. Retrieved on 25 July 2016. 
  4. "Global city GDP 2014". Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2015. 
  5. "Which are the largest city economies in the world and how might this change by 2025?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 April 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015. 
  6. "India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP Photos Yahoo! India Finance". Archived from the original on 9 October 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2017.