Estroheno
An estroheno (Ingles: estrogen o oestrogen) iyo an sarong kategoriya nin sekswal na hormona na responsable sa pagtalubo asin regulasyon kan pambabaeng sistema nin reproduksyon asin sekondaryong mga karakteristiko sa sekso.[1][2] Igwang tolong mayor na endogenous estrogens na igwang estrogenic hormonal na aktibidad: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), asin estriol (E3).[1][3] An Estradiol, sarong estrane, an pinakamakosog asin lakop.[1] An saro pang estrogen na inaapod na estetrol (E4) pinoprodusir sana sa panahon nin pagbabados.
An mga Estrogens synthesized sa gabos na vertebrate asin sa nagkapirang insekto.[4][5] An saindang presensya kapwa sa mga vertebrates asin sa insekto nagsusuherir na an mga hormona sa sekso may suanoy na kasaysayan nin ebolusyon. Sa kantidad, an mga estrogens minasirkular sa mas hababang lebel kisa sa mga androgen sa mga lalaki sagkod mga babayi.[6] Mantang mas hababa an lebel sa mga lalaki kisa sa mga babae, igwa man giraray ini nin importanteng physiological na papel sa mga lalaki.[7]
Arog kan gabos na steroid hormones, an mga estrogens madaling mag-lakbo sa ibong kan cell membrane. Oras na nasa laog kan selula, sinda nagtatarakudan asin nag-aaktibar nin mga estrogen receptors (ERs) na iyo man an nagpapakusog sa ekspresyon nin dakol na genes.[8] Saro pa, an mga estrogens nakatakod sa asin nagtatakod asin nag-aaktibar nin marikas na signal na membrane estrogen receptors (mERs), siring kan GPER (GPR30).[9][10][11]
Apwera sa saindang papel bilang natural na hormones, ginagamit an mga estrogen bilang mga bulong, halimbawa sa pag - menopausal hormone therapy, hormonal na pagkontrol sa pangangaki asin feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women asin nonbinary people.
Toltolan
baguhon- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Huether SE, McCance KL (2019). Understanding Pathophysiology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 767. ISBN 978-0-32-367281-8.
Estrogen is a generic term for any of three similar hormones derived from cholesterol: estradiol, estrone, and estriol.
- ↑ Satoskar RS, Rege N, Bhandarkar SD (2017). Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 943. ISBN 978-8-13-124941-3.
The natural estrogens are steroids. However, typical estrogenic activity is also shown by chemicals which are not steroids. Hence, the term 'estrogen' is used as a generic term to describe all the compounds having estrogenic activity.
- ↑ Delgado, B. J.; Lopez-Ojeda, W. (December 20, 2021). "Estrogen". StatPearls [Internet] (StatPearls Publishing). PMID 30855848. "Estrogen is a steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for the development of female sexual characteristics. Estrogen is often referred to as estrone, estradiol, and estriol. ... Synthetic estrogen is also available for clinical use, designed to increase absorption and effectiveness by altering the estrogen chemical structure for topical or oral administration. Synthetic steroid estrogens include ethinyl estradiol, estradiol valerate, estropipate, conjugate esterified estrogen, and quinestrol.".
- ↑ Biochemistry of aromatase: significance to female reproductive physiology. August 1982.
- ↑ Estrogens in insects. September 2005.
- ↑ "Androgen production in women". Fertility and Sterility 77 (Suppl 4): S3–S5. April 2002. doi:. PMID 12007895.
- ↑ "Estrogens and health in males". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 178 (1–2): 51–55. June 2001. doi:. PMID 11403894.
- ↑ Whitehead SA, Nussey S (2001). Endocrinology: an integrated approach. Oxford: BIOS: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-85996-252-7. PMID 20821847.
- ↑ Membrane estrogen receptors - is it an alternative way of estrogen action?. April 2013.
- ↑ Membrane estrogen receptor regulation of hypothalamic function.
- ↑ GPR30: A G protein-coupled receptor for estrogen. February 2007.
