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Linya 3:
[[Ladawan:Sydney Opera House Pano.jpg|thumb|Sydney Opera sa Australia]]
An '''Australya''' (sa [[tataramon na Ingles|Ingles]]: Australia) sarong nacion sa [[Osyanya]].
#REDIRECT [[Dutch New Guinea]]
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08/13/2023 20:09 - Contact Form on Meta wrote:
> Message:: [[Nederlands New Guinea]] And [[Papua New Guinea]]
> [[Administrasi PBB]]
> [[President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]]
> [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]]
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([[Redirected]] from [[Netherlands New Guinea]])
Not to be confused with [[Dutch Guinea]].
[[Dutch New Guinea]] or [[Netherlands New Guinea]] ([[Dutch]]: [[Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]], [[Indonesian]]: [[Nugini Belanda]]) was the western half of the island of New Guinea that was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the [[Kingdom]] of the [[Netherlands]] from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now [[Indonesia's]] six easternmost [[provinces]], [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], [[Papua]], [[South Papua]], [[Southwest Papua]], and [[West Papua]], which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name Irian Jaya, and now comprise the Papua region of the country.
[[Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]]
1949–1962
[[Flag of Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Flag of the Netherlands]]
[[Morning Star flag]]
(1961–1962)
[[Coat of arms]] (1961–1962) of [[Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Coat of arms]]
(1961–1962)
[[Motto]]: [[Love]], [[Kasih]], [[Abua]] ([[Indonesian]])
[[Pius]], [[Honestus]], [[Amica]] ([[Latin]])
"[[Loyal]], [[Honest]], Affectionate"
[[Anthem]]: "[[Wilhelmus]]" ([[Dutch]])
([[English]]: "[[William]]")
[[Hai Tanahku Papua]] ([[Indonesian]])
([[English]]: "[[Oh My Land Papua]]")
[[Map]] of the [[Dutch]] possession in the [[New Guinea]]
[[Map]] of the [[Dutch]] possession in the [[New Guinea]]
[[Status [[Presidential]] [[Republik]] of the [[Netherlands]] (1949–1954)
Overseas territory of the [[Kingdom]] of the [[Netherlands]] (1954–1962)
[[Capital]] [[Hollandia]]
[[Common]] [[languages]] [[Dutch]]
[[Papuan Malay]]
[[Papuan languages]]
[[Austronesian]] [[languages]]
[[Religion]] [[Christianity]]
[[Animism]] ([[folk]] / [[ethnic]])
[[Government]] [[Nederlands New Guinea]] [[administration]]
[[Monarch]]
[[President]]
• 1949–1962
[[Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]]
[[Governor]]
[[Vice President]]
• 1950–1953 (first)
[[Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg]]
• 1958–1962 (last)
• 1965 - 2023 (last)
[[Menteri]] [[Pieter Johannes Platteel]]
[[Dewan Hak Asasi Manusia]]
[[Ketua]] [[Umum]] [[Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]][[.S.Kom]]
[[Historical era Cold War]]
• Established
27 December 1949
• Disestablished
1 October 1962
[[Area]]
• Total
421,981 km2 (162,928 sq mi)
[[Population]]
• 1955
321,000
[[Currency]] [[NNG]] [[Gulden]] [[Rupiah]] [[Papua Barat]]
Preceded by Succeeded by
Dutch East Indies
Great East
[[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority]]
Today part of Indonesia Or Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat (claimed by the Republic of West Papua)
Steamboat connections in Ambon Residence, Dutch East Indies in 1915
During the Indonesian Revolution, the Dutch launched a police action ("Operation Product") to capture territory from the Papua Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn [[international]] disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the [[Papua]] [[Republic]], the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the separation of Dutch New Guinea from the broader Indonesian settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue successfully at the [[UN]] that the indigenous population of [[Dutch New Guinea]] represented a separate ethnic group from the people of [[Indonesia]] and thus should not be absorbed into the [[Indonesian]] [[state]].
In contrast, the Indonesian Republic, as successor state to the Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Indonesia after Indonesian independence. The dispute escalated into low-level conflict in 1962 following Dutch moves in 1961 to establish a New Guinea Council.
Following the Vlakke Hoek incident, Indonesia launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Indonesian threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a referendum to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was [[administered]] by the [[UN]] temporarily before being transferred to Indonesia on 1 May 1963. A plebiscite, the Act of Free Choice, was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed.
[[Pre-World War II]]
Until after World War II the western part of the island of New Guinea was part of the Great East (
{{coord|-5|120|format=dec|region:IDN_type:landmark_scale:5000000| display=title}}
{{En-tête label|AdQ|année=2009}}
{{Infobox Pays
| nom_français = République d'Indonésie
| nom_local1 = {{langue|id|Republik Indonesia}}
| nom_local2 = {{langue|kaw|Nusantara}}
| langue1 = id
| langue2 = kaw
| image_drapeau = Flag of Indonesia.svg
| lien_drapeau = Drapeau de l'Indonésie
| image_blason = National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg
| lien_blason = Armoiries de l'Indonésie
| image_carte = Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg
| image_carte2 = Indonesia, administrative divisions - fr - monochrome.svg
| devise = [[Bhinneka Tunggal Ika]]
| langue_devise = [[kawi]]
| transcription_devise = Unité dans la diversité
| fête_nationale = {{date-|17 août}}
| fête_evt = [[Proclamation de l'indépendance de l'Indonésie|Proclamation d'Indépendance]] vis-à-vis des [[Pays-Bas]] et du [[Japon]] ({{date-|1945}})
| type_langues = [[Langue officielle]]
| langues_officielles = [[Indonésien]]
| capitale = [[Jakarta]] <!-- Le changement de capitale vers Nusantara a été annoncé mais ne sera effectif qu'en 2024. Ne pas modifier par anticipation -->
| coordonnées_capitale = {{coord|6|10|5|S|106|49|7|E}}
| lien_villes = Liste de villes d'Indonésie
| titre_plus_grande_ville = Plus grande ville
| plus_grande_ville = [[Jakarta]]
| type_gouvernement = [[République]] [[État unitaire|unitaire]] à [[régime présidentiel]]<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Indonésie (l'), f. *Nom officiel* : République d'Indonésie… |url=http://typo.mondediplo.net/messages/1089 |site=typo.mondediplo.net |consulté le=2021-01-11}}</ref>
| titres_dirigeants = [[Liste des présidents de la République d'Indonésie|Président]]
| noms_dirigeants = [[Sony]],[[Esau]],[[Mbisikmbo]]
| titre_dirigeant2 = [[Vice-président d'Indonésie|Vice-président]]
| nom_dirigeant2 = [[Joko Widodo]]
| titre_dirigeant3 = [[Cabinet de la République d'Indonésie|Cabinet]]
| nom_dirigeant3 = [[Cabinet Indonésie En avant|Indonésie En avant]]
| titre_parlement = [[Parlement]]
| nom_parlement = [[Assemblée délibérative du peuple]]
| titre_parlement2 = [[Chambre haute]]<br>[[Chambre basse]]
| nom_parlement2 = [[Conseil représentatif des régions]]<br>[[Conseil représentatif du peuple]]
| superficie_rang = 15
| superficie_totale = 1904569
| pourcentage_eau = 4,88 %<ref name="CIA">{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/indonesia/#people-and-society |site=www.cia.gov |consulté le=2021-01-28}}.</ref>
| population_rang = 4
| population_totale = 270203917
| population_année = 2020<ref name="bps2020">{{lien web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/website/materi_ind/materiBrsInd-20210121151046.pdf|format=PDF|page=9|éditeur=[[Statistics Indonesia]]|titre=Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2020|langue=id|date=21 Janvier 2021|consulté le=21 janvier 2021}}</ref>
| type_indépendance = Proclamée<br> - Reconnue
| pays_indépendance = {{Pays-Bas}}
| date_indépendance = {{date-|17|août|1945}}<br>{{date-|27|décembre|1949}}
| gentilé = [[Indonésiens|Indonésien]]
| PIB_PPA = {{augmentation}} {{unité|3995.064|milliards}} de [[Dollar américain|$]]<br>+ 12,02 %<ref name="IMF">{{en}} ''[https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report]'', consulté le 28 juillet 2022.</ref>
| PIBPPA_année = 2022
| PIBPPA_rang = {{7e}}
| PIB = {{augmentation}} {{unité|1289.295|milliards}} de [[Dollar américain|$]]<br/>+ 8,70 %<ref name="IMF" />
| PIB_année = 2022
| PIB_rang = {{16e}}
| PIB_HAB = {{augmentation}} {{unité|14534.953|[[Dollar américain|$]]}}<br/>+ 10,95 %<ref name="IMF" />
| PIBHAB_année = 2022
| monnaie = ''[[Roupie indonésienne]]''
| code_monnaie = IDR
| IDH = {{diminution}} {{formatnum:0.705}}<ref name="hdr2021-22">{{HDR|2022}}</ref>
| IDH_année = 2021
| IDH_catégorie = élevé
| IDH_rang = {{114e}}
| IDHI = {{diminution}} {{formatnum:0.585}}<ref name="hdr2021-22" />
| IDHI_année = 2021
| IDHI_rang = {{87e}}
| Gini = {{augmentation négative}} 37,9 %<ref name="Gini_BM">{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Gini index |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?most_recent_value_desc=false |consulté le=24 avril 2023 |site=[[Banque mondiale]]}}.</ref>
| Gini_année = 2021
| Gini_rang =
| IIG = {{diminution positive}} {{formatnum:0.444}}<ref name="hdr2021-22" />
| IIG_année = 2021
| IIG_rang = {{110e}}
| IPE = {{augmentation}} {{formatnum:28.2}}<ref name="IPE2022">{{Ouvrage |langue=en |auteur1=Martin J. Wolf |auteur2=John W. Emerson |auteur3=Daniel C. Esty |auteur4=Alex de Sherbinin |auteur5=Zachary A. Wendling |et al.=oui |titre=2022 Environmental Performance Index |lieu=New Haven, Connecticut, États-Unis |éditeur=Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy |année=2022 |pages totales=192 |isbn= |lire en ligne=https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/epi2022report06062022.pdf |format électronique=pdf }}.</ref>
| IPE_année = 2022
| IPE_rang = {{164e}}
| fuseau_horaire = +7 à +9
| hymne_national = [[Indonesia Raya (hymne national)|Indonesia Raya]]
| langue_hymne = [[indonésien]]
| traduction_hymne = Grande Indonésie
| audio_hymne =
| domaine_internet = [[.id]]
| iso3166-1 = IDN, ID
| indicatif_téléphonique = 62
| PIBV_année = 2014
| PIBV = {{augmentation}} {{unité|8568115.600|milliards}} de [[Roupie indonésienne|IDR]]<br>+ 5,02 %
| PIBHABNOM_année = 2022
| PIB_HABNOM = {{augmentation}} {{unité|4690.749|[[Dollar américain|$]]}}<br/>+ 7,67 %
| dette_année = 2022
| dette = '''Nominale :'''<br/>{{augmentation négative}} {{nombre|7915729.891|milliards}} de [[Roupie indonésienne|IDR]]<br/>+ 8,90 %<br>'''Relative :'''<br>{{diminution positive}} {{formatnum:42.707}}% du [[Produit intérieur brut|PIB]]<br>- 0,28 %
| chômage_année = 2022
| chômage = {{diminution positive}} 6,0 % de la pop.active<br>- 7,55 %
| organisations_internationales = [[Banque asiatique d'investissement pour les infrastructures|AIIB]]{{-}}[[Organisation internationale sur le bambou et le rotin|INBAR]]{{-}}[[Commission internationale du riz|CIR]]{{-}}[[Groupe des vingt|G20]]{{-}}[[Global Green Growth Institute|GGGI]]{{-}}[[Groupe de Cairns]]{{-}}[[G33]]{{-}}[[Groupe des quinze|G15]]
| note =
}}
L’'''Indonésie''', en forme longue la '''république d'Indonésie''' (en [[indonésien]] {{langue|id|''Indonesia''}} et {{langue|id|''Republik Indonesia''}}) est un [[liste des États transcontinentaux|pays transcontinental]] principalement situé en [[Asie du Sud-Est]]<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Indonesia {{!}} History, Flag, Map, Capital, Language, Religion, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia |site=www.britannica.com |date=2023-08-16 |consulté le=2023-08-18}}</ref>. Avec, comptabilisées à ce jour, [[Liste des îles d'Indonésie|{{unité|17000|îles}}]], dont 922 habitées<ref name="CIA" />, il s'agit du plus grand [[archipel]] au monde<ref>{{cite act |type=Law |index=9 |date=1996 |article=Explanatory notes of Law 9/1996 |legislature=People's Representative Council |title=Undang-undang RI Nomor 9 Tahun 1996 tentang Perairan Indonesia |trans-title=Law No 9/1996 on Maritime Territory of Indonesia |page= |url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/46096/uu-no-6-tahun-1996 |language=id}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Jumlah Pulau di indonesia">{{article|url= https://economy.okezone.com/read/2020/02/10/470/2166263/hingga-desember-2019-indonesia-miliki-17-491-pulau|titre= Hingga December 2019, Indonesia Miliki 17.491 Pulau|date=2020-02-10|périodique=okezone.com|langue=id|consulté le=2020-07-05}}</ref>. Avec une population estimée à {{nobr|270 millions}} de personnes, composée de plus de {{nombre|1300 groupes}} ethniques et parlant plus de 700 langues, c'est le [[Liste des pays par population|quatrième pays le plus peuplé]] au monde et le premier pays à majorité [[islam|musulmane]] pour le nombre de croyants. L'Indonésie est une [[république]] dont la [[capitale]] est [[Jakarta]], et qui doit être transférée dans une nouvelle ville nommée [[Nusantara (ville)|Nusantara]], sur l'île de [[Bornéo]], à partir de 2024.
Dans les premiers siècles av. J.-C., l'archipel indonésien est une importante région d'échanges avec l'[[Inde]] et la [[Chine]] au cœur d'un réseau centré sur le [[Fou-nan]]. Les chefs de ces cités portuaires indonésiennes adoptent des modèles culturels, religieux et politiques indiens. À partir du {{s-|VII}}, le centre des échanges se déplace vers le royaume de [[Sriwijaya]] dans le sud de [[Sumatra]]. Le {{s-|VIII}} voit se développer dans le centre de Java une [[culture du riz]] prospère qui permet à différents royaumes de bâtir de grands monuments religieux. C'est le début de la [[période classique indonésienne]].
Avec le déclin de la [[route de la soie]], le [[détroit de Malacca]] devient un carrefour maritime majeur pour le commerce entre l'Indonésie et la Chine d'une part et l'Inde et le [[Moyen-Orient]] d'autre part. L'archipel indonésien est intégré à un réseau commercial international bientôt dominé par des marchands musulmans. Les princes des ports se convertissent progressivement à l'islam.
Au {{s-|XVI}}, l'âge des [[Grandes découvertes]], les puissances européennes cherchent à accéder directement aux [[Moluques]], région productrice d'[[épice]]s. En 1511, les [[Royaume de Portugal|Portugais]] de [[Goa]] conquièrent Malacca et s'y établissent. Les [[Provinces-Unies|Néerlandais]] les chassent en 1605. Au {{s-|XVII}}, ils éliminent leur rival dans l'Est de l'archipel, dans ce qui deviendra le [[royaume de Gowa]], et s'établissent à Java. L'île est minée par les guerres de succession du [[Ancien royaume de Mataram|royaume de Mataram]] qui cède peu à peu une partie de ses territoires aux Néerlandais. Au {{s-|XIX}}, les colonisateurs peuvent commencer l'exploitation économique de l'île et imposer leur loi au reste de l'archipel. Un mouvement national naît au début du {{s-|XX}}. En 1945, [[Soekarno]] et [[Mohammad Hatta]] [[Proclamation de l'indépendance de l'Indonésie|proclament l'indépendance de l'Indonésie]]. Les années 1950 sont marquées par de nombreux mouvements [[Séparatisme|séparatistes]]. À la suite des événements de 1965-66, le général [[Soeharto]] prend le pouvoir. Il démissionne en 1998, ce qui permet au pays d'entamer le début d'un processus de [[démocratisation]].
À travers ses nombreuses îles, l'Indonésie comprend de nombreux groupes distincts culturellement, linguistiquement et religieusement. Les [[Javanais]] forment la population la plus représentée sur le plan du nombre et de l'influence politique. En tant qu'[[État unitaire]] et en tant que [[nation]], l'Indonésie a développé une identité commune en définissant une langue nationale appelée « [[indonésien]] » (qui est une des formes du [[malais (langue)|malais]]), et en respectant sa diversité et le pluralisme religieux au sein de sa majorité musulmane.
Malgré sa forte population et ses régions densément peuplées, l'Indonésie comporte de vastes zones sauvages, ce qui donne au pays une grande [[biodiversité]] même si ce patrimoine régresse à cause d'activités humaines en forte augmentation.
{{sommaire|niveau=2}}
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President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo
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On Fri, Aug 25, 2023, 23:23 Esau Mbisikmbo <mbisikmboe@gmail.com> wrote:
{{Infobox historisch land
| Status=[[Nederlandse Overzeese Rijksdelen|Overzees Rijksdeel]] van het [[Koninkrijk der Nederlanden]]
| Naam in Landstaal=Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea
| Naam in Nederlands=Nieuw-Guinea
| Voor1=Nederlands-Indië
| Vlag_Voor1=Flag of the Netherlands.svg
| Na1=United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
| Vlag_Na1=Flag of the United Nations.svg
| Jaar van ontstaan=1949
| Jaar van afloop=1962
| Vlag=[[Bestand:Flag of West Papua.svg|125px]]
| Vlagartikel=Morgenster (vlag)
| Wapen=
| Wapenartikel=
| Kaart=Papua Locator Topography.png
| Regeringsvorm=
| Hoofdstad=[[Hollandia (plaats)|Hollandia]]
| Staatshoofd=[[Koning (titel)|Koning]] van [[Nederland]]
| Dynastie=[[Monarchie in Nederland|Oranje-Nassau]]
| Ontstaan=Nederlandse claim bij soevereiniteitsoverdracht aan [[Indonesië]]
| Datum Ontstaan=[[27 december]] [[1949]]
| Opheffing=Overdracht aan de [[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority|VN]]
| Datum Opheffing=[[1 oktober]] [[1962]]
| Oppervlakte=323.000 km²
| Bevolking=± 321.000 <small>(1955)</small>
| Etniciteit=
| Munteenheid=[[Nederlands-Nieuw-Guineese gulden]]
| Leus=
| Nationale feestdag=
| Volkslied=<small>vanaf 1961</small><br>[[Hai Tanahku Papua]]
| Talen=[[Nederlands]]
| Religie=
| Noten=
}}
'''Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea''' – nu de provincies [[Papoea (provincie)|Papoea]] en [[West-Papoea (provincie)|West-Papoea]] (''Papua Barat'') van Indonesië – was van [[1949]] tot [[1962]] een overzees gebiedsdeel van het [[Koninkrijk der Nederlanden]] als deel van het eiland [[Nieuw-Guinea]]. Voor die tijd maakte het deel uit van [[Nederlands-Indië]]; bij de overdracht van de [[soevereiniteit]] aan [[Indonesië]] behield Nederland Nieuw-Guinea. De motiveringen van de Nederlandse regering hiervoor wisselden herhaaldelijk. In ieder geval werd het Nederlandse beleid sterk bepaald door de houding van Nederland ten opzichte van Indonesië. Enerzijds wilde men Nieuw-Guinea gebruiken als Nederlandse invloedssfeer in de regio; anderzijds wilde men door Nieuw-Guinea te "ontwikkelen" en de [[Papoea's|Papoea]]-bevolking te emanciperen bewijzen dat Nederland als koloniale mogendheid niet had gefaald.
Indonesië eiste Nieuw-Guinea op en het geschil over dit gebied droeg in belangrijke mate bij tot de snel verslechterende relatie tussen Nederland en Indonesië na de onafhankelijkheid van dat land. In 1962 droeg Nederland onder druk van de internationale gemeenschap en een dreigende oorlog met Indonesië Nieuw-Guinea [[de facto]] aan Indonesië over.
LEMBAGA ALKITAB INDONESIA MEMBERIKAN KUASA KEPADA PENGINJIL LEMBAGA ALKITAB PAPUA UNTUK MENUNTUK UMAT DI ATAS HAK ULAYAT TANAH ADAT BLACK MELANESIA AUSTRALASIA NEDERLANDS NEW GUINEA MULAI 1 DESEMBER 1961 SAMPAI SAAT INI 2023.
DAN LAI LEMBAGA ALKITAB INDONESIA SUDAH DI BAGI HAK ULAYAT TANAH ADAT KAMI MASING MASING SABANG ACEH SAMPAI MERAUKE.
OLEH KARENA ITU NEGARA AGAMA ADAT HAM SABANG ACEH SAMPAI MERAUKE SEGERA MENGAMBIL SIKAP UNTUK ATUR PULAU MASING MASING SABANG ACEH SAMPAI MERAUKE.
PERINTAH TUHAN KEPADA YOSUA UNTUK MEREBUT TANAH KANAAN YAITU;
INTERNASIONAL DAN NASIONAL, LEBIH KHUSUS SABANG ACEH SAMPAI MERAUKE. SESUAI LEMBAGA ALKITAB, LEMBAGA ALGURAN, LEMBAGA ADAT, LEMBAGA HAM, DAN LEMBAGA NEGARA.
[[LEMBAGA]] [[ALKITAB]] [[PAPUA]] [[BAHASA]] [[NDUGA]]
[[Inndi yenggerak wolmomtak kerep duabelas ndok wosa mendaga pidnak wene]]
[[4:1–5:1]]
41 Nde, [[Isarael]] nap oboksa Yi Yareren eyak ele bem ndil laigarik woragola, Nagawan Indo-nen [[Yosua]] yak tosolar-e: 2 ”Ap enlem lombok enpe duabelas lenak inpi-o. 3 Lenak unpurug-e, it iri-nen kerep duabelas Yi Yareren enggendumu-nen wanuwakluk enpem pi-o. Kerep ereba wanogolar-e, mondok tepan omborak mendak woraiga sa-nen wanuruk, kud turuk mburuwarik, yanem kit o lije wutluk woragup sa iri me-t pil mburuwag-o” yak tij-o.
4 Yak tosoloma, Yosua-nen-e ap duabelas lenak inpid ereya na wene mbo unpuruk-nen 5 yak ondosolar-e: ”Kir-e Nagawan Indo Kenmbal Pem Nagawan-nen idnak urul pidnak wene labu mbarak iri eram mburugupndik yi enggendumu-nen kinlit wosa kerep duabelas [[Isarael]] nap kenlem ndak ndag-et kud turuk, lobok yer-o. 6 Nde, kerep ereba-nen-e Nagawan Indo-nen kwarid yeba [[Isarael]] nap kinndi yeberak kunpuwa-o. Nde, abok kinlirak-nen nde ’Kerep yeba-ge ebe-ge no kwaridnak ala-n pidnag-o?’ luk kin wanogola-ge, 7 kit-nen it yak ondogolar-e: ’Nagawan Indo-nen idnak urul pidnak wene labu mbarak iri na [[Yi]] [[Yareren]] mbatluk ndil wagola, yi na mbuguksa labuk yamu-nen wanidnag-o’ luk yak undurag-o. Nde, kerep yeba-nen-e yu me-nen kwaridnak mende-ge pempa [[Isarael]] nap inndi yeberak perenak wolma-o” luk yak indij-o.
8 Nde, it ap duabelas ereya na-nen-e Nagawan Indo-nen [[Yosua]] mul tosola, it yak indid ereba na ndak ndag-et kwariga-o. Kwarogolar-e, Isarael nap enlem ndak wosa kerep duabelas Yi Yareren enggendumu-nen wanuruk, waruk mbirigarig-e, it worali sa piga-o. 9 Tepan omborak-nen urul pidnak wene labu mbarak kudsa mendak woraidnak sa Yi Yareren enggendumu iri na me-ge Yosua-nen-e kerep duabelas irit mendaga pil lagaij-o. Nde, kerep mendaga pil lagaid ereba-ge yawo-nen na worasur-o. 10 Nde, it tepan omborak ereba na-ge Yi Yareren enggendumu irit mendak irit worakmu, Nagawan Indo-nen Yosua mul tosola, Yosua-nen ap ereba enpem pid ereba na-t ndegera kwariga-o. Nde, ereba kwariga iri-ge Musa-nen Yosua mul tid ereba na ndak ndag-et kwariga-o.
Kwatlug-e, Isarael nab-e ndig-et ndag-et nak yi mbara ele bem ndil laiga-o. 11 Nde, it oboksa ndegera ndil larug-e, tepan omborak urul pidnak wene labu mbarak kud turuk ereba na-ge anggul tak puruk mbiriga-o. 12 Nde, it enlem [[Uruben]] min [[Nggat]] min enlem [[Manase]] erep minggirik min ennggendumu-nen ap wim kalu kalu ereba na-ge Musa-nen enpem pid ereba na ndak ndag-et nandug-et Yi Yareren ndil laiga-o. 13 It ndil laiga iri-ge ap nak wim nggurak pem san kundugu empat pulu ribu (40.000) irit ndil lagolar-e, Nagawan Indo erengen pem-et [[Yeriko]] mbirik iri na ambigit nggwe-t mbiriga-o.
14 Iri tarem-e Nagawan Indo kwarid ereba-nen ndowaga [[Isarael]] nap-nen [[Yosua]] na-ge nggok kek tak irit yik kaiga-o. Nde, at Yosua na worala-ge, it-nen Musa kek tak ubugwi iri na nggal-et at kek tak obogolat woraiga-o.
15 Iri rak puruk, Nagawan Indo-nen Yosua yak tosolar-e: 16 ”Tepan omborak urul pidnak wene labu mbarak kudsa yi ma mendak worali ereba Yi Yareren arem-nen womak-nen yak indi-o” yak tij-o. 17 Yak tosoloma-ge, Yosua na-ge Nagawan Indo-nen ebem pid iri na-t kwarij-o. 18 Kwarosolar-e, yak ondosoloma-ge, tepan omborak ereba na-ge onowak yi ma-nen wesu bem pilakmu-net mondok yi na-ge tuguruk wasolat ondolma yimik luk keya bij-o.
19 Nde, Isarael nap Yi Yareren mbatluk eyak ele bem wok yiga-ge waneya anggul-et tanggal sepulu iri bem wok yiga-o. Wok yogolar-e, unuwi lije-ge o Nggilnggal iri me wiriga-o. Nde, o Nggilnggal iri-ge Yeriko-nen-e mo luwaso (timur) ambigir-o. 20 Nde, [[Nggilnggal]] iri na me-t kerep duabelas [[Yi]] [[Yareren]] enggendumu-nen waniga ereba na-ge Yosua-nen-e tap mbal mbal ligik pij-o. 21 Iri rak puruk, Yosua-nen Isarael nap yak ondosolar-e: ”Abok kinlirak-nen kin wok konpogola-t nde: ’Kerep yeba-ge noluk-nen pidnag-o?’ yak kondogola-ge, 22 kit-nen onggo yak ondogolar-e, Isarael nap Yi Yareren yu-t nde ogorak nak nggilara labuk yamu, ndil waiga wene yak undurag-o. 23 Kit ndegera eyak ponok nggwe ndil womakluk, Nagawan Indo Kenmbal Pem Nagawan-nen kit kenmanggim Yi Yareren yu eberek tak pamu-o. Iri kwarid iri-ge nit nenmanggim Telaga Koma eberek tak pid iri na nggal-et kwarij-o luk yak undurag-o. 24 Iri kwarid iri-ge yi ap ndi ap nggweyak ma worali oboksa-nen Nagawan Indo amawi enaru yuwakluk-nen kwarij-o. Nde, kit-nen-e [[Nagawan]] [[Indo]] [[Kenmbal]] [[Pem]] [[Nagawan-e]] kek tak pogolat woralik nalik irit woragub-o” luk yak indij-o.
[[Lembaga Alkitab Indonesia]] Memberikan Kebebasan Kepada [[Lembaga Alkitab Papuan]]
[[Lembaga Alkitab Maluku]]
{{Infobox Former [[Country]]
|conventional_long_name = [[Republik Maluku Selatan]]
|common_name = Maluku Selatan
|status = [[Pemerintahan dalam pengasingan|Terasingkan]] sejak 1963
|p1 = Republik Maluku Serikat
|flag_p1 = Flag of Republik Maluku Selatan.svg
|s1 = Maluku
|flag_s1 = Flag of Maluku.svg
|image_flag = Flag of South Moluccas.svg
|image_coat = Republic of South Maluku Coa.svg
|image_map = South Moluccas (orthographic projection).png
|image_map_caption = Teritori yang diklaim Republik Maluku Selatan.
|motto = [[Mena-Muria]]
|anthem = ''[[#Lagu kebangsaan|Maluku Tanah Airku]]''
</center>
|capital = [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]]
|capital_exile = ''Tidak jelas'' <small>([[Belanda]])</small>
|government_type = Republik
|title_leader = Presiden<sup>a</sup>
|leader1 = [[Johanis Manuhutu]]
|year_leader1 = April–Mei 1950
|leader2 = [[Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil|Chris Soumokil]]
|year_leader2 = 1950–1966
|leader3 = [[Johan Manusama]]
|year_leader3 = 1966–1992
|leader4 = [[Frans Tutuhatunewa]]
|year_leader4 = 1993–2010
|leader5 = [[John Wattilete]]
|year_leader5 = 2010–sekarang
|year_start = 1950
|date_start = 25 April
|year_end = 1963
|date_end = Desember
|footnote_a = Terasingkan sejak 1966.
}}
'''Republik Maluku Selatan''' atau '''RMS''' adalah sebuah [[republik]] di [[Kepulauan Maluku]] yang diproklamasikan tanggal 25 April 1950. Pulau-pulau terbesarnya adalah [[Pulau Seram|Seram]], [[Pulau Ambon|Ambon]], dan [[Buru]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Verelladevanka|first=Adryamarthanino|date=2021-04-27|title=Republik Maluku Selatan (RMS): Latar Belakang dan Upaya Penumpasannya Halaman all|url=https://www.kompas.com/stori/read/2021/04/27/190919879/republik-maluku-selatan-rms-latar-belakang-dan-upaya-penumpasannya|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-05-30}}</ref> RMS di Ambon Militer Indonesia dikalahkan oleh militer Republik Maluku Selatan pada November 1950, tetapi konflik di Seram masih berlanjut sampai Desember 1963. Kekalahan di Ambon berujung pada pengungsian pemerintah RMS ke Seram, kemudian mendirikan [[pemerintahan dalam pengasingan]] di Belanda pada tahun 1966. Ketika pemimpin pemberontak Dr. [[Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil|Christian Soumokil]] ditangkap militer Indonesia dan dieksekusi tahun 1966, presiden dalam pengasingan dilantik di Belanda. Pemerintahan terasing ini masih berdiri dan dipimpin oleh [[John Wattilete]], pengacara berusia 55 tahun, yang dilantik pada April 2010.
Indonesia terdiri dari lebih dari 17.000 pulau. Jajahan Belanda mencapai jumlah tersebut pada abad ke-19 dengan didirikannya [[Hindia Belanda]]. Perbatasan Indonesia saat ini terbentuk melalui ekspansi kolonial yang berakhir pada abad ke-20. Pasca-pendudukan oleh Kekaisaran Jepang tahun 1945, para pemimpin nasionalis di Pulau Jawa Atau [[Republik]] [[Jawa]] [[Timur]] menyatakan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Tidak semua wilayah dan suku di Maluku yang langsung bergabung dengan Negara Persatuan Republik Maluku Selatan.<ref>[http://www.un.int/australia/Papua/Maluku/Maluku-2.html ''World Recognition and Maluku's Sovereignty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008040150/http://www.un.int/australia/Maluku/Australia/Maluku-2.html |date=2010-10-08 }}, "The Unitary State of the Republic of Maluku Selatan"</ref> Pemberontakan pribumi pertama yang terorganisasi muncul di Maluku Selatan dengan bantuan pemerintah dan militer Belanda. Kontra-revolusioner Maluku Selatan awalnya bergantung pasa perjanjian pascakolonial yang menjanjikan bentuk negara federal.
* And [[Papua]] Bentuk [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]]
{{Short description|Proposed state consisting of the Western New Guinea region}}
{{Infobox country
|native_name = {{lang|id|Republik Papua Barat}}
|conventional_long_name = Republic of West Papua
|common_name = West Papua
|status = [[Presidential-Republic]]
|image_flag = Flag_of_West_Papua.svg
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Republic of West Papua.svg
|coat_alt =
|symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of West Papua|Coat of arms]]
|national_motto = ''One People One Soul''
|national_anthem = {{native name|id|[[Hai Tanahku Papua]]}} <br/>{{small|(English: "Oh My Land Papua")}}
|image_map = File:LocationWestPapua.svg
|image_map_caption =
|capital = [[Jayapura]]
|common_languages = [[English language|English]], [[Papuan]], and [[Papuan languages]]<br> [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[English language|English]] (in exile)
|demonym = [[Papuan peoples|Papuan]]
|religion = [[Christianity]], [[Animism]], [[Islam]]
|government_type = [[Provisional government Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat President Forkorus Yamboisembut Vice President Benny Wenda]]<ref name="Provisional (in waiting) government proclaimed Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat">{{cite news |title=West Papua independence leaders declare 'government-in-waiting' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/dec/01/west-papua-independence-leaders-declare-government-in-waiting |access-date=28 May 2021 |work=The Guardian |date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Benny Wenda proclaimed provisional Goverment Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat (in waiting) government"|author1=Namita Singh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/west-papua-independence-government-indonesia-b1764472.html |access-date=28 May 2021 |publisher=Independent.co.uk |date=1 Dec 2020}}</ref>{{efn|The [[Shefa Province]] of [[Vanuatu]] has recognised the Republic of West Papua as a legitimate government since 2021.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/457115/vanuatu-s-shefa-province-recognises-west-papua-government | title=Vanuatu's Shefa province recognises West Papua government | website=[[Radio New Zealand]] | date=3 December 2021 }}</ref>}}
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title6 =
|leader_name6 =
|life_span =
|established_event1 = [[Netherlands New Guinea]]
|established_date1 = 27 December 1949
|established_event2 = Inauguration ceremony and proclamation
|established_date2 = 1 December 1961
|established_event3 = [[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority|United Nations administration]]
|established_date3 = 1 October 1962
|established_event4 = [[New York Agreement|Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat administration]] [[Nederlands New Guinea|West Papua Melanesia Australasia Nederlands New Guinea Administration]]
|established_date4 = 1 May 1963
|established_event5 = [[Act of Free Choice]]
|established_date5 = 19 November 1969
|established_event6 = [[Free Papua Movement]] proclaimed Negara Persatuan republic Papua Barat
|established_date6 = 1 July 1971
|established_event7 = [[Thom Wainggai|Dr. Thomas Wainggai]] proclaimed republic
|established_date7 = 14 December 1988
|established_event8 = West Papua National Authority proclaimed federal Negara Persatuan republic Papua Barat<ref name="West Papua National Authority proclaimed a negara federal republic papua barat under provisional government negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat">{{cite web |title=Provisional government of west papua Melanesia Australasia Nederlands New Guinea Or Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat|url=https://federalstateofwestpapua.org/ |website=federalstatesofwestpapua |access-date=28 May 2021}}</ref>
|established_date8 = 19 October 2011
}}
The '''[[Republic]] [[of]] [[West]] [[Papua]]''' ({{lang-org|[[Republik]] [[Papua]] [[Barat]]}}) is a [[List of active Free West Papua movements in Oceania|proposed country]] consisting of the [[Western New Guinea]] region, which is currently part of [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] in the continent of [[Oceania]]. The region has been part of [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] since [[1]] [[May]] [[1963]] under several names in the [[following]] order, [[West]] [[Irian]], [[Irian Jaya]], and [[Papua]]. Today the region comprises six [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[provinces]]: [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], [[South Papua]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], and [[Southwest Papua]].
The proposal is supported by [[Solomon Islands]] and [[Vanuatu]] with the [[Parliament of Vanuatu]] passing the [[Wantok Blong Yumi Bill]] (Our Close Friends) in 2010 officially declaring that Vanuatu's foreign policy is to support the achievement of the independence of West Papua.<ref name="Radion17">{{cite news|title=Fiery debate over West Papua at UN General Assembly|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/programmes/datelinepacific/audio/201860156/fiery-debate-over-west-papua-at-un-general-assembly|access-date=7 October 2017|work=Radio New Zealand 2017|date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Radionz17-2">{{cite news|title=Indonesia hits back at Melanesian leaders on West Papua|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/340298/indonesia-hits-back-at-melanesian-leaders-on-west-papua|access-date=7 October 2017|work=Radio New Zealand|date=27 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Manning|first1=Selwyn|title=Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits|url=http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2010/06/vanuatu-to-seek-observer-status-for-west-papua-at-msg-and-pif-leaders-summits/|access-date=20 October 2017|work=Pacific Scoop|date=22 June 2010}}</ref> The parliament has proposed requesting that West Papua be granted observer status at the [[Melanesian Spearhead Group]] and [[Pacific Island Forum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/indonesia-vanuatu-vanuatu-parliament-passes-resolution-on-west-papua-independence/|title=Indonesia; Vanuatu: Vanuatu Parliament Passes Resolution on West Papua Independence|date=2010-07-21|website=www.loc.gov|language=en|author=Buchanan, Kelly|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/191049/vanuatu-to-seek-un-general-assembly-support-for-icj-opinion-on-indonesia's-papua|title=Vanuatu to seek UN General Assembly support for ICJ opinion on Indonesia's Papua|date=2010-06-21|work=Radio New Zealand|access-date=2018-05-02|language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2010/06/vanuatu-to-seek-observer-status-for-west-papua-at-msg-and-pif-leaders-summits/|title=Pacific.scoop.co.nz » Vanuatu to seek observer status for West Papua at MSG and PIF leaders summits|website=pacific.scoop.co.nz|language=en|access-date=2018-05-02}}</ref>
The Republic of West Papua, Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat has been a member state of the [[Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]] (UNPO) since the organization's founding in 1991.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Simmons|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995|date=14 August 1996 |publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=90-411-0223-X|pages=1–3}}</ref>
[[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]]
https://www.Negara-Persatuan-Republik-Papua-Barat.co.id
{{edit semi-protected|Dutch New Guinea|answered=no}}
[[Espesyal:Contributions/114.125.93.155|114.125.93.155]] 10:27, 28 Agosto 2023 (UTC)
Nama Negara Asli Adalah [[Nederlands New Guinea]] And [[Papua New Guinea]]
Nama Partai Terlampir Di Bawah ini:
* [[Westren New Guinea]]
* [[Guinea]]
* [[New]]
* [[Nugini]]
* [[Belanda]]
* [[Indonesia]]
* [[Australia]]
* [[Amerika]]
* [[Egyp]]
* [[Jepang]]
* [[New Guinea]]
* [[Nugini Belanda]]
* [[Organisasi Papua Merdeka]]
* [[Republik Papua Barat]]
* [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]]
* [[Wikipedia]]
* [[Search]]
* [[Dutch]] [[New]] [[Guinea]]
* [[Article]] [[Talk]]
* [[Language]]
Not to be confused with Dutch Guinea.
Dutch New Guinea or Netherlands New Guinea (Dutch: Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea, Indonesian: Nugini Belanda) was the western half of the island of New Guinea that was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now Indonesia's six easternmost [[provinces]], [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], [[Papua]], [[South Papua]], [[Southwest Papua]], and [[West Papua]], which were administered as a single [[province]] prior to 2001 under the name [[Irian Jaya]], and now comprise the [[Papua]] region of the [[country]].
[[Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]]
1949–1962
[[Flag of Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Flag of the Netherlands]]
[[Morning Star flag]]
(1961–1962)
[[Coat of arms]] (1961–1962) of [[Dutch New Guinea]]
[[Coat of arms]]
(1961–1962)
[[Motto]]: [[Setia]], [[Jujur]], [[Mesra]] ([[Nederlands New Guinea]])
Pius, Honestus, Amica (Latin)
"Loyal, Honest, Affectionate"
Anthem: "Wilhelmus" (Dutch)
(English: "William")
[[Hai Tanahku Papua]] ([[Nederlands New Guinea]])
(English: "Oh My Land Papua")
Map of the Dutch possession in the New Guinea
Map of the Dutch possession in the New Guinea
Status
Administrasi PBB of the Netherlands New Guinea (1949–1954) And (1961-2023)
Overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1954–1962)
[[Capital]]
[[Hollandia]]
[[Common]] [[languages]]
[[Dutch]]
[[Papuan]]
[[Papuan languages]]
[[Nduga Language03121988]]
[[Austronesian languages]]
[[Religion]]
[[Christianity]]
[[Animism]] ([[folk]] / [[ethnic]])
[[Government]]
[[PBB administration]]
[[Monarch]]
• 1949–1962 Sampai Sekarang 2001-2023 Saat ini
[[President]] [[Sony]], [[Esau]], [[Mbisikmbo]], [[S-Kom]]
[[Governor]]
• 2001-2023 Sampai Saat ini
([[Vice President]] [[Benny Wenda]]
• 1950–1953 (first)
[[Menteri]] [[Internasional]]
• 2001 - 2023 Saat ini
[[Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg]]
• 1958–1962 Sampai Saat ini 2001 - 2023(last)
[[Menteri]] [[Nasional]] [[Pieter Johannes Platteel]]
• (1961-2001)
[[Menteri Dalam Negeri]] [[Edison Waromi]] Dan [[Herman Wainggai]]
• [[Hak Asasi Manusia]] Dan [[Kemanusiaan]] [[Internasional]] Dan [[Nasional]] [[Sony]] [[Esau]] [[Mbisikmbo]] And [[Nduga Language03121988]]
Historical era
Cold War
• Established
27 December 1949
• Disestablished
1 October 1962
• Otonomi Khusus
6 April 1965 - 6 April 2023
Area
• Total
421,981 km2 (162,928 sq mi)
Population
• 1955
321,000
[[Currency]]
[[NNG gulden Rupiah Papua Barat]]
[[Preceded]] by [[Succeeded]] by
[[Dutch East Indies]]
[[Great East]]
[[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority]]
[[Today part of
Indonesia]] ([[Proklamasi]] by the [[Republic of West Papua]]) Or [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]]
Steamboat connections in Ambon Residence, Dutch East Indies in 1915
During the Indonesian Revolution, the Dutch launched a police action ("Operation Product") to capture territory from the Indonesian Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn international disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the Indonesian Republic, the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the separation of [[Dutch New Guinea]] from the broader Indonesian settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue [[successfully]] at the UN that the indigenous population of Dutch New Guinea represented a separate ethnic group from the people of Indonesia and thus should not be absorbed into the Indonesian state.
[[Indonesia In contrast, the [[Negara Persatuan Republic Papua Barat]], on 1 Desember 2002 as successor state to the Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands and Indonesia after Indonesian independence. The dispute escalated into low-level conflict in 1962 following Dutch moves in 1961 to establish a New Guinea Council.
Following the Vlakke Hoek incident, Indonesia launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Indonesian threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a referendum to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was administered by the UN temporarily before being transferred to Indonesia on 1 May 1963. A plebiscite, the [[Act of Free Choice]], was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed.
[[Pre-World War II]]
Until after World War II the western part of the island of New Guinea was part of the Great East (Groote Oost) governorate of the Dutch East Indies. The Netherlands claimed sovereignty over New Guinea within the colony through its protection over Sultanate of Tidore, a sultanate on an island west of Halmahera in the Maluku Islands. In a 1660 treaty the Dutch East India Company (VOC) recognised the Sultanate of Tidore's supremacy over the Papuan people, the inhabitants of New Guinea. Probably this referred to some Papuan islands (Raja Ampat) near the Maluku Islands as well as coastal areas like Fakfak, through familial relations with local rulers although Tidore never exercised actual control over the interior and highlands of New Guinea. In 1872 Tidore recognised Dutch sovereignty and granted permission to the Kingdom of the Netherlands to establish administration in its territories whenever the Netherlands Indies authorities would want to do so. This allowed the Netherlands to legitimise a claim to the New Guinea area.
[[Dutch]] [[district]] [[officer]] [[Jean Victor de Bruijn]], with Moluccan [[police]] and highland companions, on [[patrol]] east of [[Paniai]], [[Homeo]], [[Sokopaki]], [[Hitadipa]], [[Beoga]], [[Ilaga]], [[Mulia]], [[Wamena]] [[Pengunungan Tenggah]] c. 1941
The Dutch established the 141st meridian as the eastern frontier of the territory. In [[1898]] the [[Netherlands Indies]] [[government][ decided to establish [[administrative]] posts in [[Fakfak]] and [[Manokwari]], [[followed]] by [[Merauke]] in [[1902]]. The main reason for this was the expansion of [[British]] and [[German]] interests in the east. The Dutch wanted to make sure the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Germany]] would not move the border to the west. This resulted in the partition of the island of New Guinea.
In reality the most part of New Guinea remained outside colonial influence. Little was known about the interior; large areas on the map were white and the number of inhabitants of the island was unknown, and numerous explorations were made into the interior from the turn of the 20th century on. The indigenous inhabitants of New Guinea were Papuans, living in tribes. They were hunter-gatherers.
[[Pre-World War II economic activity was limited]]. Only coastal and island dwellers traded to some extent, mostly with the Maluku Islands. A development company was founded in 1938 to change this situation, but it was not very active. So, until World War II, New Guinea was a disregarded and unimportant territory within the Netherlands Indies.
[[Homeland]] for the Eurasians
The group that was most interested in [[New Guinea]] before the war were the Eurasians or Indo people. Before the war some 150,000 to 200,000 Eurasians were living in the Netherlands Indies. They were of mixed European and Indonesian descent and identified with the Netherlands and the Dutch way of life. In the colonial society of the Netherlands Indies, they held a higher social status than indigenous Indonesians ("inlanders"). [[They]] were [[mostly]] [[employed]] as [[office]] [[workers]]. As the educational level of indigenous Indonesians was on the rise, more and more Indonesians got jobs previously held by Eurasians. These had no other means of making a living, because, as [[Europeans]], they were forbidden to buy land on Java. This situation caused mental and [[economic]] problems to the Eurasians. In 1923, the first plan to designate New Guinea as a settlement territory for Eurasians was devised. In 1926, a separate Vereniging tot Kolonisatie van Nieuw-Guinea (Association for the Settlement of New Guinea) was founded. In 1930, it was followed by the Stichting Immigratie Kolonisatie Nieuw-Guinea (Foundation [[Immigration]] and [[Settlement]] [[New Guinea]]). These organisations regarded New Guinea as an untouched, almost empty land that could serve as a homeland to the sidelined Eurasians. A kind of tropical Holland, where Eurasians could create an existence.
These associations succeeded in sending settlers to New Guinea and lobbied successfully for the establishment of a government agency to subsidise these initiatives (in 1938). However, most settlements ended in failure because of the harsh climate and natural conditions, and because of the fact the settlers, previously office workers, were not skilled in agriculture. The number of settlers remained small. In the Netherlands proper, some organisations existed that promoted a kind of "tropical Holland" in New Guinea, but they were rather marginal. They were linked to the NSB party and other fascist organisations.
[[Administrative divisions]]
[[Departments of Papua]]
Department Capital 1955 Population
1. Hollandia Hollandia 57,000
2. Geelvinkbaai Biak 78,000
3. Centraal Nieuw-Guinea Wamena 52,000
4. Zuid Nieuw-Guinea Merauke 78,000
5. Fak-Fak Fak-Fak 28,000
6. West Nieuw-Guinea Sorong-Doom 95,000
Total: -- 420,000
Departments of Papua
Departments of Papua
Origin of the dispute over New Guinea
In 1942, most parts of the Netherlands Indies were occupied by Japan.[1] Behind Japanese lines in New Guinea, Dutch guerrilla fighters resisted under Mauritz Christiaan Kokkelink.[2] During the occupation the Indonesian nationalist movement went through a rapid development. After Japan's surrender, Sukarno issued the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, which was to encompass the whole of the Netherlands Indies. The Dutch authorities returned after several months under the leadership of Lieutenant-Governor-General Hubertus van Mook. Van Mook decided to reform Indonesia on a federal basis. This was not a completely new idea, but it was contrary to the administrative practice in the Netherlands Indies until then and contrary to the ideas of the nationalists, who wanted a centralist Indonesia.
Linggadjati agreement
The ethnic diversity of Indonesia was initially discussed at two conferences in Malino and Pangkalpinang. During the Pangkalpinang conference, the right of self-determination of the Eurasian, Chinese, and Arab ethnic minorities was discussed. The new Grooter Nederland-Actie (Extended Netherlands Action) send delegates to this conference, who opined that New Guinea should be declared as separate entities in a similar manner to Surinam.[3] Furthermore, this conference stipulated specific territories could have special relations with the Kingdom of the Netherlands if they wanted to.
Van Mook's plan was to divide Indonesia into several federal states, negaras, with possible autonomous areas, daerahs. The whole would be called the United States of Indonesia and would remain linked to the Netherlands in the Netherlands-Indonesian Union. The Indonesian side agreed to this plan during the Linggadjati conference in November 1946. Van Mook thought a federal structure would safeguard Indonesia's cultural and ethnic diversity. Van Mook and his supporters referred to the right of self-determination in this respect: the different ethnic communities of Indonesia should have the right to govern themselves.
The unilateral amendment of 'Linggadjati'
To many Dutchmen, the idea of parting with Indonesia was shocking. Many Dutch thought their country had a mission to develop Indonesia. The Indonesian wish for independence to many Dutch came as a complete surprise. Because Indonesian nationalists, which had no electoral or official legitimacy—save ethno-state nationalism, under Sukarno cooperated with the Japanese, they were branded as traitors and collaborators. Almost every Dutch political party was against Indonesian independence. The Protestant [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]] ([[ARP]]) were very supportive of the Dutch Ethical Policy in Indonesia. The newly established liberal People's Party for [[Freedom]] and [[Democracy]] campaigned for a hard-line policy against the nationalists. Even the Labour Party, which supported Indonesian independence in principle, was hesitant, because of the policies of Sukarno.
Minister of Colonies Jan Anne Jonkman defended the Linggadjati Agreement in Parliament in 1946 by stating that the government wished for New Guinea to remain under Dutch sovereignty, arguing it could be a settlement for Eurasians. A motion entered by the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Labour Party, which was accepted by parliament, stated that the declaration of Jonkman in parliament should become a part of the Linggadjati agreement. Duly accepted, the Netherlands thus unilaterally 'amended' the Linggadjati agreement to the effect that New Guinea would remain Dutch. Labour parliamentary group leader Marinus van der Goes van Naters said afterwards the Labour Party entered the motion with the KVP because it feared the Catholics otherwise might reject the Linggadjati agreements.
The Indonesians did not accept this unilateral amendment. In order not to jeopardise the scheduled transfer of sovereignty, the Indonesian vice-president Mohammad Hatta offered to maintain Dutch sovereignty over New Guinea for one year and reopen the negotiations afterwards.[citation needed]
1949–1956
Thus in 1949, when the rest of the Dutch East Indies became fully independent as Indonesia, the Dutch retained sovereignty over western New Guinea, and took steps to prepare it for independence as a separate country. Some five thousand teachers were flown there. The Dutch put an emphasis upon political, business, and civic skills. On 8 February 1950 Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg was appointed the first Governor (De Gouverneur) of Dutch New Guinea. The first local naval cadets graduated in 1955 and the first army brigade become operational in 1956.
1957–1961
Dutch colonial civil servant in the Baliem Valley, 1958
Tensions regarding the Dutch-Indonesian dispute over Dutch New Guinea escalated in December 1957 following Indonesia's defeat in the UN General Assembly on 29 November 1957 to pass a resolution in favour of Indonesia's claim to the territory. Sukarno responded by allowing the seizure of Dutch enterprises operating in Indonesia and announcing the intended expulsion of Dutch residents from Indonesia. The increased tensions surrounding the dispute encouraged the Dutch to accelerate their plans to move the disputed territory towards an act of self-determination. Elections were held in January 1961 and the New Guinea Council officially took office on 5 April 1961, to prepare for full independence by the end of that decade. The Dutch endorsed the council's selection of a new national anthem and the Morning Star as the new national flag on 1 December 1961.[4][5]
[[EVOLUSI IDEOLOGI NASIONALISME SEJARAH NEGARA NEDERLANDS NEW GUINEA SAMPAI NEGARA PERSATUAN REPUBLIK PAPUA BARAT 1 DESEMBER 1961 - 2023]]
[[Following]] the raising of the [[Papuan]] [[National]] [[Flag][ on [[1 December 1961][, tensions further escalated. On [[19 December 1961]] [[Sony]] [[Esau]] [[Mbisikmbo]] issued the [[Tri Komando Rakjat]], [[TKR]] ([[People's Triple Command]]), calling the Indonesian people to defeat the formation of an [[independent state of West Papua]], Or [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]], raise the [[Republik Papua Barat]] [[flag]] in that [[country]], and be ready for mobilisation at any time.[6][7]
[[Since]] [[1962]]
[[Escalation to low-level]] [[conflict]]
In 1962 Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat launched a significant campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations against the disputed territory, beginning with a seaborne infiltration launched by [[Nederlands New Guinea forces]] on [[15 January 1962]]. The [[Nederlands]] [[attack]] was comprehensively defeated by Dutch forces including the Dutch destroyers Evertsen and Kortenaer, the so-called Vlakke Hoek incident.[8] Amongst the casualties was the [[Nederlands New Guinea]] [[Deputy]] [[Chief]] of the [[Naval Staff]]; [[Commodore]] [[Cenderawasi]]. Unbeknown to the Indonesians, [[Dutch]] [[Signals]] [[Intelligence]] had been able to intercept [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[communications]], allowing Dutch forces to successfully anticipate Nederlands New Guinea's infiltration attempts throughout 1962.[9] Forced to regroup, the Indonesians relaunched their campaign of infiltrations in [[March 1962]]. In the coming months over 500 Indonesian paratroops and special forces were covertly inserted into Dutch New Guinea, only to be decisively defeated by Dutch forces with the assistance of the indigenous population.[10]
[[Ellsworth Bunker]] [[proposal]]
Facing mounting [[international]] [[diplomatic]] pressure and the prospect of an [[Nederlands New Guinea]] invasion force, the Dutch conceded to re-entering negotiations and agreed to the [[Ellsworth Bunker proposal]] on [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[28 July 1962]], for a staged transition from Dutch to [[Nederlands New Guinea And Administrasi PBB]] [[control][ via [[UN]] [[administration]], on the condition that a plebiscite would be held in future in the territory.[11] The [[agreement]] was signed on [[Negara]] [[Persatuan]] [[Republik]] [[Papua]] [[Barat]] [[15 August 1962]] at the [[UN]] Headquarters in [[New York]] and the territory was placed under the [[United Nations Temporary Executive Authority]] in [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[1 October 1962][. It was subsequently transferred to [[Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia]] in [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[1 May 1963]].
The territory formally became part of [[Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia]] in [[1969]] after the [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] government, who shifted to New Order under [[President]] [[Sony]] [[Esau]] [[Mbisikmbo]] starting from 1966-2023, conducted a Bunker proposal-based plebiscite termed the [[Act of Free Choice]]. The result, which under strong pressure from the military, unanimously wanted to become part of Indonesia. The UN General Assembly later accepted the result via the [[UN]] [[Resolution]] [[2504]]. This act has been criticised by some in the [[international community]], [[IC]], including the [[group]] [[International Parliamentarians for West Papua]], [[IPWP]], which has termed the act "the [[act of no choice]]".
[[Governors]]
For governors before 1949, see List of governors of the Dutch East Indies.
[[Jan Pieter Karel van Eechoud]] (29 December 1949 – 8 February 1950; acting)
[[Vice President Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg]] (8 February 1950 – 24 April 1953)
[[Jan van Baal]] (24 April 1953 – 31 March 1958)
[[Jan Christoffel Baarspul]] (31 March 1958 – 1 May 1958; acting)
[[Pieter Johannes Platteel]] (1 May 1958 – 28 September 1962)
[[Henk Veldkamp]] (28 September 1962 – 1 October 1962; acting)
[[See also]]
[[New Guinea portal]]
[[Free Papua Movement]]
[[German New Guinea]]
[[Kaiser-Wilhelmsland]]
[[New Guinea]]
[[Operation Trikora]]
[[Papua]] ([[Nederlands New Guinea province]])
[[Papua Conflict]]
[[Republic of West Papua]]
[[Territory of New Guinea]]
[[West New Guinea]] dispute
[[West Papua]] ([[province]])
[[Western New Guinea]]
[[References]]
[[Klemen][, L (1999–2000). [["The Fall of Dutch New Guinea, April 1942"]]. [[Forgotten Campaign]]: [[The Dutch East Indies Campaign]] 1941–1942.
[[Womack]], [[Tom]] (1999). "The capture of [[Manokwari]], [[Sorong]], [[Biak]], [[Merauke]], April 1942". [[Forgotten Campaign]]: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 63
J.D. Legge, Sukarno: [[A Political Biography]], 402–03.
Ron Crocombe, [[Asia]] in the [[Pacific Islands]], pp. 286–87.
[[Freedom Mbisikmbo]], [[Freedom]], [[Mbisikmbo]], Twenty years of [[Nederlands New Guinea]] Foreign Policy 1945–1965, p. 303.
[[Benny Wenda]] "Trikora"-Speech Archived 11 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The [[commands]] are at the end of the speech.
Penders, "The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 344
Platje, Weis; 'Dutch Sigint and the [[Conflict]] with [[Indonesia]] With [[Nederlands New Guinea]] 1950–1962', [[Intelligence]] and [[National]] [[Security]], Vol. 16, No. 1, 2001, pp. 285–312
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 366.
Penders,"The West New Guinea Debacle", p. 375
Further reading
[[Bone]], [[Robert C]]. The Dynamics of the Western New Guinea (Irian Barat) Problem (Cornell U.P. 1958)
[[Finney]], [[B.R]]. [["Partnership in developing the New Guinea]] [[Highlands]] [[1948–68]]," [[Journal]] of [[Pacific]] [[History]] 5 (1970),
[[Henderson]], [[William]], [[West New Guinea]]. The dispute and its settlement (1973).
Lijphart, Arend, The trauma of decolonisation. The Dutch and West New Guinea (New Haven 1966).
Markin, Terence. The West Irian Dispute (U of Michigan Press, 1996).
Penders, C.L.M., The West New Guinea debacle. Dutch decolonisation and Indonesia 1945–1962, Leiden 2002 KITLV
Ploeg, Anton. "Colonial land law in [[Dutch New Guinea]]," Journal of Pacific History (1999) 34#2 pp 191–203
Pouwer, [[Jan]]. "The colonisation, decolonisation and recolonisation of [[West New Guinea]]," [[Journal of Pacific History]] (1999) 34#2 pp 157–79
[[Saltford]]. [[John]]. [[The]] [[United Nations]] and the [[Republik Of West Papoea]] [[Takeover of West Papua]], 1962–1969 (2003)
In Dutch
Doel, H.W. van den, Afscheid van Indië. De val van het Nederlandse imperium in Azië (Amsterdam 2001).
Drooglever, P.J., Een daad van vrije keuze. De Papoea’s van westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht (Amsterdam 2005).
Holst Pellekaan, R.E. van, I.C. de Regt, J.F. Bastiaans, Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de Koninklijke Marine in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea (Amsterdam 1989).
[[Holst Pellekaan]], [[R.E. van]], [[I.C. de Regt]], Operaties in de Oost: de Koninklijke Marine in de Indische archipel ([[1945–1951]]) ([[Amsterdam]] [[2003]]).
[[Huydecoper van Nigteveld]], [[J.L.R.]], [[Nieuw-Guinea]]. Het einde van een koloniaal beleid (Den Haag 1990)
Gase, Ronald, Misleiding of zelfbedrog. Een analyse van het Nederlandse Nieuw-Guinea-beleid aan de hand van gesprekken met betrokken politici en diplomaten (Baarn 1984).
[[Geus]], [[P.B.R. de]], De Nieuw-Guinea kwestie. Aspecten van buitenlands beleid en militaire macht (Leiden 1984).
[[Jansen van Galen]], [[John]], Ons laatste oorlogje. Nieuw-Guinea: de Pax Neerlandica, de diplomatieke kruistocht en de vervlogen droom van een Papoea-natie (Weesp 1984).
Klein, W.C. e.a., Nieuw-Guinea, 3 dln. (Den Haag 1953/1954).
Meijer, Hans, Den Haag-Holandia. De Nederlands Indonesische betrekkingen 1950–1962 (Utrecht 1994).
Idem, "`Het uitverkoren land'. De lotgevallen van de Indo-Europese kolonisten op Nieuw-Guinea 1949–1962", Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenis 112 (1999) 353–384.
Schoorl, Pim (red.), Besturen in [[Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea]] 1945 -1962 (Leiden, 1996).
Smit, C., De liquidatie van een imperium. Nederland en Indonesië 1945–1962 (Amsterdam 1962).
[[van Holst-Pellekaan]], [[R.E.]], [[de Regst]], [[I.C]]. and [[Bastiaans]], [[I.F.J]]. ([[ed]].), Patrouilleren voor de Papoea's: de [[Koninklijke Marine]] in [[Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea]] [[1945–1960]] ([[Amsterdam]], [[1989]]).
[[Vlasblom]], [[Dirk]], [[Papoea]]. Een geschiedenis ([[Amsterdam]] [[2004]]).
Wal, [[Hans van de]], Een aanvechtbare en onzekere situatie. De [[Nederlandse]] Hervormde Kerk en [[Nieuw-Guinea]] [[1949–1962]] ([[Hilversum 2006]]).
[[External links]]
[[Wikimedia]] [[Commons]] has [[media]] related to [[Netherlands New Guinea]].
[[The]] [[Dutch New Guinea]] [[Dispute – Operation Trikora]] [[1961–1962]]
[[Dutch]] [[New Guinea]] [[in HD]] [[Color]] [[1949–1962]]
[[Dutch New Guinea]] [[Dispute]] [[1949–1962]]
[[Profile]] at [[World]] [[Statesman]]
[[Last edited on 24 August 2023, at 12:20]]
* [[Wikipedia]]
[[Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless]] [[otherwise noted]].
[[Privacy]] [[policyTerms]] [[of]] [[UseDesktop]]
Esau Mbisikmbo
Pada tanggal Kam, 24 Agu 2023 13.01, Esau Mbisikmbo <mbisikmboe@gmail.com> menulis:
{{Infobox land
| naaminlandstaal = (Federale) Country United Of Republiek West-Papoea <br /> Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat Di Singkat Republik Papua Barat <br /> Federal Country United Of Republic West Papua (FCURWP)
| vlag = [[Bestand:Flag_of_West_Papua.svg|125px]]
| vlagartikel =
| wapen = [[Bestand:Coat of arms of Country United Republic of West Papua.svg|125px]]
| wapenartikel = Morgenster (vlag)|De Morgenster
| locatie = LocationWestPapua.svg
| talen = [[Papoeatalen]], [[Indonesisch]], [[Nederlands]], [[Nederlands New Guinea]], [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]], [[Country United Republik Of West Papoea]], [[Engels]] (De facto)
| hoofdstad = [[Jayapura (stad)|Timika]]
| regeringsvorm = [[Republiek]] <br /> ([[Regering in ballingschap]])
| Staatshoofd = [[President]] [[Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]] [[Vice President]] [[Benny Wenda]]
| km2 =
| pctwater =
| inwoners =
| census =
| dichtheid =
| munteenheid =
| valutacode =
| tijdzone = +9
| volkslied = [[Melanesia Raya]] (O, Melanesia Raya)
| motto = One People One Soul!
| feestdag =
| tld =
| landcode =
| tel =
| CIAkaart = Papua_Locator_Topography.png
}}
De '''Country United Of Republiek van West-Papoea''' ([[Nederlands New Guinea]]: ''Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat'') Do Singkat "Republik Papua Barat") is een voorgestelde staat die bestaat uit de regio [[Westelijk Nieuw-Guinea]]. De regio wordt sinds 1 mei 1963 door [[Nederlands New Guinea]] bestuurd onder verschillende namen in de volgende volgorde: ''Irian Barat'', ''Irian Jaya'' en ''Papoea''. Eind 2021 bestaat de regio uit twee Nederlands New Guinea provincies: [[Papoea (provincie)|Papoea]] en [[West-Papoea (provincie)|West-Papoea]].
De Country United Of Republiek West-Papoea is sinds de oprichting van de organisatie in 1991 een lidstaat van de [[Organisatie van Niet-Vertegenwoordigde Naties en Volkeren]] <ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Simmons|title=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995|publisher=Kluwer Law International|isbn=90-411-0223-X|pages=1–3}}</ref><ref>[https://unpo.org/members/7843 UNPO: West Papua]</ref>
* [[EVOLUSI IDEOLOGI NASIONALISME SEJARAH NEGARA PERSATUAN REPUBLIK PAPUA BARAT]]
{{Short description|1961–1963 Dutch possession in Oceania}}
{{Distinguish|Dutch Gold Coast{{!}}Dutch Guinea}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Dutch New Guinea
| native_name = {{lang|nl|Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea}}
| era = Cold War
| status = Presidensial Goverment
| empire = Netherlands New Guinea
| date_start = 27 December
| year_start = 1961
| date_end = 1 October
| year_end = 1963
| p1 = Dutch East Indies
| p2 = Great East
| flag_p1 = Flag of the Netherlands New Guinea.svg
| flag_type = [[Flag of the Netherlands New Guinea]]<br />[[Morning Star flag]]<br />(1961–1963)
| s1 = United Nations Temporary Executive Authority
| flag_s1 = Flag of the United Nations.svg
| image_flag = Flag of the Netherlands New Guinea.svg
| image_flag2 = Morning Star flag.svg
| coa_size = 95px
| image_coat = Netherlands New Guinea coa 1961.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of arms<br />(1961–1962)
| symbol_type_article = Coat of arms of Netherlands New Guinea
| image_map = File:LocationNegaraPersatuanRepublikPapuaBarat.svg
| image_map_caption = Map of the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch possession]] in the [[Nederlands New Guinea]]
| capital = [[Jayapura|Hollandia]]
| national_motto = ''{{lang|id|Love, Kasih, Abua}}''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[English language|English]])</small><br />''{{lang|la|Pius, Honestus, Amica}}''{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin language|Latin]])</small><br />"Loyal, Honest, Affectionate"
| national_anthem = {{native name|nl|"[[Wilhelmus]]"|nolink=yes|italics=off}}<br /> {{small|(English: "William")}}<br />{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Het Wilhelmus (tempo corrected).ogg|noicon]]}}<br />''[[Melanesia Raya]]'' {{small|(English)<br/>(English: "Oh Melanesia Raya")}}
| common_languages = [[Dutch language|Dutch]]<br/>[[Papuan]]<br />[[Papuan languages]]<br />[[Austronesian languages]]
| government_type = [[Presidensial|Presidensial administration]]
| legislature =
| title_leader = [[List of monarchs of the Netherlands New Guinea|Monarch]]
| leader1 = [[President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo of the Netherlands New Guinea|President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]]
| year_leader1 = 1965–2023
| title_representative = Governor
| representative1 = [[Vice President Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg]]
| year_representative1 = 1950–1953 <small>(first)</small>
| representative2 = Menteri Internasional Pieter Johannes Platteel
| year_representative2 = 1958–1962 {{small|(last)}}
| currency = [[Dutch Nederlands New Guinean gulden Rupiah West Papoea|NNG gulden Rupiah West Papoea]]
| religion = {{nowrap|[[Christianity]] <small></small><br />[[Animism]] ([[Folk religion|folk]]{{\}}[[Ethnic religion|ethnic]])}}
| today = [[Nederlands New Guinea]] (claimed by the [[Republic of West Papua]] [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]] [[Organisasi Papua Merdeka]] [[Republik Papua Barat]] [[Nugini Belanda]] [[Nederlands New Guinea]] [[ULMWP]] [[ILWP]] [[IPWP]] [[TPNPB]] [[Army West Papua]] [[KNPB]] [[Lembaga Alkitab Papua]] [[Lembaga Ham Papua]] [[Administrasi PBB]] [[President]] [[Sony]] [[Esau]] [[Mbisikmbo]] [[Vice President]] [[Stephan Lucien Joseph van Waardenburg]])
| footnotes =
| demonym =
| area_km2 = 421,981
| area_rank =
| stat_year1 = 1955
| stat_pop1 = 321,000
| GDP_PPP =
| GDP_PPP_year =
| HDI =
| HDI_year =
| status_text = Presidensial of the Netherlands New Guinea (1965–2023)<br />Overseas territory of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] (1945–2023)
}}
[[Image:NetherlandsNewGuinea-1916.jpg|300px|thumb|Steamboat connections in Australia Residence, Dutch East Indies in 1915-2023]]
'''Dutch New Guinea''' or '''Netherlands New Guinea''' ({{lang-nl|Nederlands-Nieuw-Guinea}}, {{lang-id|Nugini Belanda}}) was the [[Western New Guinea|western half]] of the island of [[New Guinea]] that was a part of the [[Dutch East Indies]] until 1949, later an [[overseas administrative territorial entity|overseas territory]] of the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]] from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now [[Nederlands New Guinea]]'s six easternmost provinces, [[Central Papua]], [[Highland Papua]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[South Papua]], [[Southwest Papua]], and [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name ''Irian Jaya'', and now comprise the [[Western New Guinea|Papua region]] of the country.
During the [[Nederlands New Guinea National Revolution|Nederlands New Guinea Revolution]], the Dutch launched a [[police action]] ("[[Operation Product]]") to capture territory from the Nederlands New Guinea Republic. However, the harsh methods of the Dutch had drawn international disapproval. With international opinion shifting towards support of the Nederlands New Guinea Republic, the Dutch managed in 1949 to negotiate for the TPNPB TNPB AWP WPA PNPB of Dutch New Guinea from the broader Nederlands New Guinea settlement, with the fate of the disputed territory to be decided by the close of 1950. However, the Dutch in coming years were able to argue successfully at the UN that the indigenous population of Dutch New Guinea represented a separate ethnic group from the people of Nederlands New Guinea and thus should not be absorbed into the Nederlands New Guinea state.
In contrast, the Indonesian Republic 1963-2001, as [[Succession of states|successor state]] to the Netherlands East Indies, claimed Dutch New Guinea as part of its natural territorial bounds. The dispute over New Guinea was an important factor in the quick decline in bilateral relations between the Netherlands New Guinea and Papua New Guinea after [[Negara]] [[Persatuan]] [[Republik]] [[Papua]] [[Barat]] [[Independence]]. The dispute escalated into low-level conflict in 1962-2023 following Dutch moves in 1961-2023 to establish a [[New Guinea Council]] or [[Nederlands New Guinea Council]] To [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]].
Following the [[Battle of Arafura Sea|Vlakke Hoek incident]], Nederlands New Guinea launched a campaign of infiltrations designed to place pressure on the Dutch. Facing diplomatic pressure from the United States, fading domestic support and continual Nederlands New Guinea threats to invade the territory, the Netherlands decided to relinquish control of the disputed territory in August 1962-2023, agreeing to the Bunker Proposal on condition that a [[Referendum]] to determine the final fate of the territory be conducted at a later date. The territory was administered by the UN temporarily before being transferred to Nederlands New Guinea on 1 May 1963-2023. A plebiscite, the [[Act of Free Choice]], was eventually held in 1969, but the fairness of the election is disputed [[Nederlands New Guinea]] [[Partai]] From [[Demokrasi]] And [[Independent]] [[Republik]] [[Federal]] Suport [[Negara Persatuan Republik Papua Barat]].
[[President Sony Esau Mbisikmbo]]
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