Bangko sentral

An sarong bangko sentral iyo an pampublikong institusyon na namamahala sa kwarta kan sarong nasyon, an suplay kainí, asin an mga antas kan patubo. Parating igwa nin monopolyo iyan sa paglangkaw kan baseng pangkwarta kan sarong nasyon, asin nagmamanehar man iyan sa sistemang pangkwarta kaiyan, kaiba an regulasyon kan mga ordinaryong bangko. May kapangyarihan man na kontrolon an kwartang piggagamit (legal tender) para sa nasyon na iyan huli sa kapangyarihan kaining magpalimbag nin mga kwarta sa nasyon. Halimbawa, sa Filipinas, an bangko sentral iyo an Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).

An mga bangko sentral sa kadaklan kan mauswag na nasyon iyo an institutionally independiente sa pagpakiaram kan politika,^[1]^[2]^[3] maski na ngani an mga gobyerno tipikal na karapatan sa panggogobyerno sa sainda asin an mga hawak na lehislatura nagsasagibo kan scrutiny.^[4]^[5]

Toltolan

↑ David Fielding, "Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Developing Countries" in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (Springer, 2016), p. 405: "The current norm in OECD countries is an institutionally independent central bank ... In recent years some non-OECD countries have introduced ... a degree of central bank independence and accountability."
↑ "Public governance of central banks: an approach from new institutional economics". The Bulletin of the Faculty of Commerce 89 (4). March 2007. https://www.bis.org/publ/work299.pdf.
↑ Apel, Emmanuel (November 2007). "1". Central Banking Systems Compared: The ECB, The Pre-Euro Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve System. Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 978-0415459228.
↑ "Ownership and independence of FED". Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Deutsche Bundesbank#Governance

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[1] David Fielding, "Fiscal and Monetary Policies in Developing Countries" in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (Springer, 2016), p. 405: "The current norm in OECD countries is an institutionally independent central bank ... In recent years some non-OECD countries have introduced ... a degree of central bank independence and accountability."

[2] "Public governance of central banks: an approach from new institutional economics". The Bulletin of the Faculty of Commerce 89 (4). March 2007. https://www.bis.org/publ/work299.pdf.

[3] Apel, Emmanuel (November 2007). "1". Central Banking Systems Compared: The ECB, The Pre-Euro Bundesbank and the Federal Reserve System. Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 978-0415459228.

[4] "Ownership and independence of FED". Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[5] Deutsche Bundesbank#Governance

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