Apostasiya sa Kristianismo
An Apostasiya sa Kristianismo iyo an repudiation ni Christ asin an sentral na katukduan sa Kristianismo na dating sarong Kristiano (tagasunod ni Kristo).[2] An terminong apostasiya naggikan sa katagang Griego na apostasia ("ἀποστασία") nangangahulogan na "rebelyon", "kamugtakan kan apostasiya", "abandonment", o "defection".[3] Ilinadawan iyan bilang "sarong willful falling away from, o rebelyon tumang sa, Kristianismo. An apostasiya iyo an pagsayuma ki Kristo kan siisay man na nagin Kristiano. …"[4] "An apostasiya iyo an sarong teolohikong kategorya na naglaladawan sa mga tawong boluntaryo asin igwa nin pagkaisi na abandonahon an saindang pagtubod sa Dios kan covenant, na nagpapahiling kan saiyang sadiri na urog nang kompleto ki Hesukristo."[5] "An apostasiya iyo an kabaliktadan kan conversion; iyo iyan an deconversion."[1]
Si B. J. Oropeza, na nagsurat nin saro sa pinakamapagal na pag-aadal sa ngangalasan na apostasiya sa Bagong Tipan (3 Volumes, 793 pahina),[6] "nadukayan an nagkapirang factors na nagresulta sa apostasiya."[7] An ibang mga factors na minasuon, asin an ibang mga komunidad na Kristiano nagin "susceptible to more than one of these."[7] An enot na mayor na factor sa mga paratubod minakomiter nin apostasiya (i.e., nagiging bakong paratubod ) iyo an "dai pagtubod."[7] An ibang factors igwa nin potensyal na maggiya pasiring sa apostasiya kabali an: "persecution," "pangkagabsan na pagsakit asin kadipisilan," "salang katukduan asin factions,"[8] "malaise,"[9] "kawaran nin pakilabot asin kapabayaan sa mga katukduan kan Dios" (urog na, "an tugon na kamutan an kapwa"),[10] asin makisumaro sa makasalan na mga akto ("pagsagibo nin bisyo") o pakisumaro sa bakong maka-Dios na atitud asin mga aksyon na nagpapabanaag sa bakong Kristianong kultura.[11]
Toltolan
baguhon- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Paul W. Barnett, Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments, "Apostasy," 73.
- ↑ B. J. Oropeza, Churches under Siege of Persecution and Assimilation: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities. Volume 3: The General Epistles and Revelation. Eugene: Cascade/Wipf & Stock, 2012: 236.
- ↑ Walter Bauder, "Fall, Fall Away," The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT), 1:606.
- ↑ Richard A. Muller, Dictionary of Greek and Latin Theological Terms: Drawn Principally from Protestant Scholastic Theology, 41. "Apostasy is generally defined as the determined, willful rejection of Christ and His teachings by a Christian believer (Heb. 10:26–29; …)(Nelson's New Illustrated Bible Dictionary: Completely Revised and Updated Edition by Ronald F. Youngblood (Editor) [Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1995], 91). The Tyndale Bible Dictionary defines apostasy as a "Turning against God, as evidenced by abandonment and repudiation of former beliefs. The term generally refers to a deliberate renouncing of the faith by a once sincere believer …" ("Apostasy," Walter A. Elwell and Philip W. Comfort, editors, 95). Holman Treasury of Key Bible Words: "People who commit apostasy abandon their faith and repudiate their former beliefs. … Apostasy is a complete and final rejection of God" ("Apostasy," Eugene E. Carpenter & Philip W. Comfort, 227). The Dictionary of Christian Theology (edited by Alan Richardson) says apostasy "means the deliberate disavowal of belief in Christ made by a formerly believing Christian" ("Apostasy," R.P.C. Hanson; The Westminster Press, 1969, 12). Baker's Dictionary of Theology (editor in chief Everett F. Harrison) "Cremer states that apostasia is used in the absolute sense of 'passing over to unbelief,' thus a dissolution of the 'union with God subsisting through faith in Christ'" ("Apostasy," Robert Winston Ross [Baker Book House, 1976], 57).
- ↑ Scot McKnight, Dictionary of Theological Interpretation of the Bible, "Apostasy," 58. "[Apostasy] is the deliberate denial, expressed by outward acts, of the Christian faith . … The passages of Scripture on which the treatment of this form of apostasy is based on are Heb. 3:12; 6:4–9; 10:16–29; 2 Pet. 2:15–21; 2 John 9–11; Luke 12:9" (E. Friedberg [contributor] The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge [New York: Funk and Wagnalls Company, 1908], 1:239).
- ↑ Oropeza: Churches under Siege of Persecution and Assimilation: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities. Volume 3: The General Epistles and Revelation. Eugene: Cascade/Wipf & Stock, 2012. Jews, Gentiles, and the Opponents of Paul: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities. Volume 2: The Pauline Letters. Eugene: Cascade/Wipf & Stock, 2012. In the Footsteps of Judas and Other Defectors: Apostasy in the New Testament Communities. Volume 1: Gospels, Acts, and Johannine Letters. Eugene: Cascade/Wipf & Stock, 2011.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:236.
- ↑ Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:237–239.
- ↑ Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:239. Malaise in this context refers to a loss of "zeal" for the things of God. The Christian community in the book of Hebrews is a good example of spiritual malaise manifesting itself in "discouragement" (likely due to persecution); "reluctance in hearing the spoken messages by [its] leaders;" failure to accept "exhortations from fellow believers"; and a refusal "to fellowship with God's people anymore" (Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:239).
- ↑ Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:239–240.
- ↑ Oropeza, Apostasy in the New Testament Communities, 3:240–241. Paul W. Barnett notes four reasons for apostasy in the book of Acts, Hebrews, the General Epistles (i.e., James, 1, 2 Peter, 1, 2, 3 John, Jude), and in the book of Revelation, as: (1) Moral or Spiritual Failure; (2) Persecution; (3) False Teaching; (4) Self-Choice (Dictionary of the Later New Testament and its Developments, "Apostasy," 75).
